Objective: To assess the short-term adverse effects of two inactivated coronavirus disease-2019 vaccines, and the demographic factors associated with such events.
Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted in Karachi from August to October 2021 after approval from the ethics review board of Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, and comprised adults of either gender who had received at least one dose of either Sinopharm or CoronaVac vaccine. Data was collected using a predesigned online and printed survey forms. The questionnaire investigated the symptoms experienced by the participants after the administration of the vaccine dose. Data was analysed using SPSS 22.
Results: Of the 1000 survey forms filled, 896 were analysed; 505(56.4percent) women and 391(43.6percent) men were included in the study. Most of the participants were aged 18-30 years 644(71.9percent). Overall, 581(64.8percent) subjects had received Sinopharm vaccine, and 315(35.2percent) received CoronaVac. The incidence of side effects after the first and second dose respectively was 63.3percent (368 out of 581) and 55.2percent (239 out of 433) for Sinopharm and 65.4percent (206 out of 315) and 61.4percent (89 out of 145) for CoronaVac. The factors associated with a higher risk of side effects were female gender and young age (p 0.05).
Conclusion: Most of the reported symptoms were minor in nature, like pain at the injection site, and women and those of young age reported such symptoms more than men and the elderly.
Key Words: COVID-19 vaccine, Side effects, Sinopharm, CoronaVac, SARS-CoV-2.
Introduction
Animal derived surfactants are considered to be the standard treatment for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS). However, their comparative effectiveness remains inconclusive given the multiple prior studies with inconsistent results. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta analysis to compare the effectiveness of two animal extract surfactants (calfactant and beractant) for the management of NRDS.
Methods
We searched Pubmed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for studies comparing efficacy of calfactant and beractant for the treatment of NRDS. Mean differences (MD) and risk ratios (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using Review Manager.
Result
We found no significant difference between calfactnat and beractant groups in the primary outcomes: neonatal mortality before the age of 28 days (RR = 1.19, 95% CI = 0.97–1.46, p = 0.09), mortality before the hospital release (RR = 1.12, 95% Cl = 0.94–1.33, p = 0.22), oxygen requirement at 28 days of age (RR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.90–1.05, p = 0.52), and death or oxygen need at 36 weeks postmenstrual age (RR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.91–1.08, p = 0.81). The duration of supplementary oxygen was significantly lower in calfactant users (MD = −4.95, 95% CI = −7.60–−2.30, p = 0.0002). Calfactant significantly lowered the duration of hospital stay, risk of pneumothorax and air leak syndrome whereas beractant users had lower risk of intraventricular hemorrhage (Grades 3 and 4).
Conclusion
There is no substantial difference in the efficacy of both surfactants in the prophylaxis and treatment of NRDS.
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