Objective: To assess the short-term adverse effects of two inactivated coronavirus disease-2019 vaccines, and the demographic factors associated with such events. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted in Karachi from August to October 2021 after approval from the ethics review board of Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, and comprised adults of either gender who had received at least one dose of either Sinopharm or CoronaVac vaccine. Data was collected using a predesigned online and printed survey forms. The questionnaire investigated the symptoms experienced by the participants after the administration of the vaccine dose. Data was analysed using SPSS 22. Results: Of the 1000 survey forms filled, 896 were analysed; 505(56.4percent) women and 391(43.6percent) men were included in the study. Most of the participants were aged 18-30 years 644(71.9percent). Overall, 581(64.8percent) subjects had received Sinopharm vaccine, and 315(35.2percent) received CoronaVac. The incidence of side effects after the first and second dose respectively was 63.3percent (368 out of 581) and 55.2percent (239 out of 433) for Sinopharm and 65.4percent (206 out of 315) and 61.4percent (89 out of 145) for CoronaVac. The factors associated with a higher risk of side effects were female gender and young age (p 0.05). Conclusion: Most of the reported symptoms were minor in nature, like pain at the injection site, and women and those of young age reported such symptoms more than men and the elderly. Key Words: COVID-19 vaccine, Side effects, Sinopharm, CoronaVac, SARS-CoV-2.
Background: Blood group and intelligence are both highly heritable traits unique to each individual. For the past several years, a possible correlation between these two traits has been suggested but existing studies report contrasting results in different geographical populations. Objective: To investigate a potential relationship between blood group and intelligence among consenting medical and dental students of Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi. Materials & Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study involving the MBBS and BDS students of Dow University of Health Sciences within age group of 18-21 years. The study was conducted in the department of Physiology, Dow Medical College (DUHS) from 15th February 2021 to 1st July 2021. After the Institutional Review Board’s approval, we determined the ABO and Rh blood group of the participants through test tube method (forward grouping) during the physiology practical sessions. Intelligence levels were assessed using the Stanford Binet IQ Test. SPSS 21 was used to analyze the data collected. Results: Out of 353 participants, 67 (18.98%) were male and 286 (81.01%) were female with a mean age of 20 years. We found highest IQ scores in blood group A negative (25.80±8.25) with no statistical significance (p=0.162). Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference between the intelligence of male and female participants (p=0.257). Conclusion: Blood group and intelligence of an individual are two heritable traits that are not linked with each other. There is no difference in the IQ of males and females. This finding has important implications in the educational field as it shows that male and female students of different blood groups have similar cognitive capabilities and consequently, similar educational needs.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.