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The coffee oil has a promising potential to be used in food industry, but an efficient use, especially in products that required high-temperature heating, depends on its chemical composition and the changes induced by processing. Since there is little information on this topic, the aim of our study was to investigate the crude green and roasted coffee oil (GCO, RCO) and heated (HGCO, HRCO) for 1 h at 200°C, by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and in terms of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The results of FTIR spectroscopy revealed that no statistically significant differences (one-way ANOVA, p>0.05) in the oxidative status of GCO and RCO were found. The coffee oils heating induced significant spectral changes in the regions 3100–3600 cm–1, 2800–3050 cm–1 and 1680–1780 cm–1 proved by the differences in the absorbance ratios A 3009 cm−1/A 2922 cm−1, A 3009 cm−1/A 2853 cm−1, A 3009 cm−1/A 1744 cm−1, A 1744 cm−1/A 2922 cm−1. These alterations were related to the reduction of the unsaturation degree due to primary and secondary oxidation processes of the lipid fraction. The radical scavenging ability of oils investigated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay revealed that the IC50 value of GCO was significantly lower than of RCO (p<0.05). The IC50 values of crude coffee oils were lower than those of heated samples. The antioxidant activity of oils was attributed to both antioxidant compounds with free-radical scavenging capacity and to lipids oxidation products generated by heating. In the first 6 h of incubation, the inhibitory activity of crude oils against E. coli and E. faecalis was not significantly different to the control (p>0.05). Also, HGCO and HRCO showed significantly different inhibitory potential related to the control (p<0.05). The heating induced statistically significant decreases in the effectiveness of coffee oils against the tested bacteria. GCO proved to be the most effective among investigated coffee oils against the tested bacteria.

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Calcium fluoride crystals doped with various concentrations of PbF 2 have been grown using the Bridgman technique. The optical absorption spectra reveal the characteristic UV absorption bands of the Pb 2+ ions. The distribution of the Pb 2+ -ions along four crystals has been investigated using the optical absorption method. Taking into account the relationship between the optical absorption coefficient and the concentration of the impurities in the samples, the effective segregation coefficient of the Pb 2+ ions has been calculated. Our study shows that the effective segregation coefficient of the Pb 2+ ions in CaF 2 host depends on the dopant concentration, and varies between 0.85 and 1.15, for 0.5 mol%PbF 2 and 3 mol%PbF 2 -doped CaF 2 , respectively.

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In the present study, various concentrations of ErF 3 -doped CaF 2 crystals were grown using the vertical Bridgman method. The Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters t (t = 2, 4, 6) for f-f transitions of Er 3+ ions were determined from optical absorption spectra. The concentration dependence of the intensity parameters radiative transition probability, oscillator strength, branching ratio and radiative lifetime was also investigated. The predicted radiative lifetimes were compared with those of the Er 3+ transitions reported in various hosts. Apart from the green and red emissions, reported by other researchers, a UV (314 nm) emission band was observed, not reported previously.