This qualitative study was developed with low-income teenage students from outlying cities around the Federal District, Brazil. The main objective was to identify their opinions, feelings, and information concerning the community's reality in order to implement a project to promote health care in this age group. A focal group technique was used to collect data. Two focal groups of adolescents 13 to 17 years old were conducted. Resulting data were submitted to descriptive analysis. According to the findings, adolescents have limited opportunities to engage in leisure activities. Problems in the community include lack of security, unavoidable contact with violence, and drug abuse. Adolescents understand that such problems are due to the absence of an appropriate social context. They also highlight difficulties in establishing healthy interpersonal relationships within their families. Their first feeling is one of disempowerment in dealing with prevailing conditions, but they also show willingness to become involved in community work.
The persistence of bio-medically oriented practices and the mismatch between training and work are identified as the challenges for the rolling out of Primary Health Care (PHC) in Brazil.This paper analyzes work changes in PHC after following specialization level training courses on community and family health, from the point of view of the trained professionals. It is a qualitative study carried on from 2011 to 2013 in the Federal District (DF) involving doctors, nurses and dentists. Data was collected with the use of digital questionnaires, semistructured interviews and focal groups. From the thematic content analysis, two categories emerged: "a universe of knowledge has opened up" and a "new way of doing things in an adverse working environment". The context of the PHC in DF is a constraint but the training had the potential to generate professional competences. Teamwork has been neglected in professional training [12][13][14] in spite of the ample consensus of its fundamental role in implementing comprehensive actions. COMUNICAÇÃO SAÚDE EDUCAÇÃO 2016; 20(58):691-702The contradictions between professional practices and training call for revisiting the educational strategies 15 to incorporate the dialectic relations between labor and education. Complexity of health issues and of the actions that such issues demand, show the urgent need to develop pedagogic processes encompassing political, organizational and operational competences at all levels of the health system, thus breaking apart with the point of view that looks down on PHC while overrating technologically dense techniques developed in the secondary and tertiary levels of health care.It is therefore a main task to put together teams able to act in synergy with different social policies and existing resources, taking into account the multiple factors that affect the quality of life of populations, and at the same time the imperatives of universal and democratic access to health, the interactions with other levels of care, the working conditions and the diversity of stakeholders that are needed to make SUS a reality. To effectively implant a model that goes beyond the biomedical approach, there is a need to make changes in the day-by-day context of work and in the professionals' mindset about the mode of production in health.In this context, an array of graduate courses have being supported through grants of the Ministries of Health and Education since the 90's as a strategy to train professionals able to perform competently in HFS, following the NPPHC.Working in PHC, using knowledge and practices to face problems that are frequently rooted outside the health area, demands specific competence. This competence may be characterized as a dialectic combination of different ingredients that integrate how to act, i.e. "the mastery of the precedent norms" 16 , to be willing to act, " to be motivated to adhere to a collective project" and to be able to act, " to be capable of facing the environment's restrictions" 17.Taking into account the fact that there is no...
GODOI, A. M. M. et al. Consumo de substâncias psicoativas entre estudantes de rede privada. Rev. Saúde públ., S. Paulo, 25: 1991. Em uma amostra de 1.441 alunos, representativa de estudantes de primeiro e segundo graus da rede privada do Distrito Federal (Brasil), foi realizado, em 1988, pesquisa com o objetivo de determinar a prevalência de consumo de álcool, fumo e drogas. Como instrumento de coleta de dados utilizou-se questionário adotado pela OMS, modificado. As prevalências do uso de substâncias psicoativas na vida (incluindo desde a experimentação até o uso diário) mostraram taxas de 67,2% para o álcool, 28,7% para o fumo, 13,9% para os inalantes, 6,1% para a maconha e 1,8% para a cocaína. O consumo da maioria das drogas mostrou-se crescente com a idade. Em relação ao sexo, as drogas ilícitas foram mais freqüentemente utilizadas pelos homens. Descritores IntroduçãoO consumo da maioria das substâncias psicoativas mostrou uma explosão durante as décadas de 60 e 70 nos Estados Unidos, com consequente estabilização por volta dos últimos anos da déca-da de 70, exceto para a cocaína, que mantém um crescimento até os dias atuais 1 . Os meios de comunicação veiculam, diariamente, informações cujo tema central são as drogas. Não raramente, os jornais e revistas publicam números alarmantes sobre consumo de drogas, principalmente entre escolares. Muitos desses dados foram coletados pelos próprios meios de comunicação, sem qualquer cuidado metodológico.No entanto, a preocupação com o assunto existe, é crescente, mobiliza profissionais de diversas áreas (médicos, psicólogos, professores, entre outros) e alcança os diversos segmentos da sociedade.A produção de conhecimentos sobre o uso e abuso de substâncias psicoativas defronta-se com problemas conceituais e metológicos específicos e requer um mínimo de padronização do instrumento de coleta de dados para que se possa comparar o padrão de consumo entre diferentes localidades e em diferentes momentos.Um grupo de pesquisadores da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) realizou um estudo multicêntrico 14 sobre consumo de drogas, em sete países, com a finalidade de desenvolver instrumento metodológico para este tipo de pesquisa, em escolares, respeitando as diferenças socioculturais, mas permitindo a comparabilidade dos dados. A partir deste trabalho, foi proposto pela OMS o instrumento "Self Administered Survey", referido como possuindo vantagens em relação ao custo e a aceitação, apesar da dificuldade quanto a realização de testes para verificação da confiabilidade e da validade.Não obstante esses problemas teóricos, vários investigadores tem realizado estudos em populações de alto risco como os adolescentes e os adultos jovens, seguindo metodologia semelhante.Grande parte dessa produção é proveniente dos países de idioma inglês, cuja realidade sociocultural e bastante distinta da latino-americana, mas permite a comparabilidade crítica dos dados 5,7,13,15 . No Brasil, os estudos de prevalência do uso e abuso de substâncias psicoativas, utilizando metodologia semelhante, fo...
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