Wind power integration has been increasing over the recent years. Although a significant number of wind turbines (WTs) are AC connected to the grid either as fixed-speed induction generators or doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs), the use of permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) is being considered. As variable-speed WTs displace fossil fuel conventional plants, they are expected to comply with Grid Code requirements and contribute to the provision of ancillary services. In this paper, dynamic models and control schemes for DFIG and fully rated converter (FRC) PMSG-based WTs, rated at the same level, are presented. The dynamic responses and the fault ride-through capabilities of both technologies are assessed and compared. The inertia support capabilities of FRC PMSG-based WTs in the GB system have also been investigated.
Hydrokinetic energy conversion systems capture the power available in the water flowing in waterways. An electrical interface for the power takeoff of a hydrokinetic energy conversion system was designed and a control strategy for the maximum power extraction was investigated. A laboratory prototype was used for the experimental characterisation of the system. High efficiencies were observed because of the restricted flow conditions. The power curves obtained from the experimental results were used for the simulation of the system in MATLAB/Simulink. A 'perturb and observe' method was used for the maximum power point tracking (MPPT). A control scheme based on a heuristic algorithm suitable for restricted and turbulent water flows was developed. A practical advantage of this scheme is that it does not require the use of mechanical sensors. The MPPT of the laboratory prototype was simulated and experimental validation undertaken, with simulation and experimental results agreeing well. The MPPT of a full-scale hydrokinetic energy conversion system was simulated to assess its performance towards practical deployment.
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