Working with teams and training groups is a common and major challenge for applied sport psychologists. This document is a position statement on the rationales, methods, and procedures of team-focused approaches in the practice of sport psychology. Furthermore, practice recommendations and research desiderata are discussed. To develop the paper, a consensus conference with nine experts from North America and Europe was held in Spring 2010. First, the paper presents the rationale for team-focused interventions and addresses the concepts of team cohesion, team efficacy, team potency, and a task involving leadership style. Second, the contributions of sport psychologists to enhancing group functioning are discussed, including methods for enhancing interpersonal skills, team climate, and coach athlete relationships. Third, determinants of how sport psychologists decide procedure and build trust in working with teams are articulated. Finally, the consensus group recommends an intensified effort to examine the effects and practice applicability of theory-driven, ecologically valid interventions.
Zusammenfassung. MentalGestärkt, die Netzwerkinitiative zur Psychischen Gesundheit im Leistungssport, wurde 2011 gegründet und als dezentrale Einrichtung an der Deutschen Sporthochschule Köln installiert. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Entwicklung und die Arbeitsfelder der Initiative beschrieben sowie die Notwendigkeit der Kooperation von unterschiedlichen Professionen zum Wohle der Athlet_innen deutlich hervorgehoben. Obwohl Leistungssport zur Persönlichkeitsentwicklung einen positiven Beitrag leisten kann, sind Athlet_innen nicht vor psychischen Problemen und Erkrankungen geschützt. Die Prävalenzen für Depressionen und Angststörungen sind ähnlich der Normalpopulation, für Essstörungen haben Athlet_innen sogar ein höheres Risiko. MentalGestärkt trägt seit nunmehr neun Jahren in den Arbeitsbereichen ‚Beratung und Vermittlung‘, ‚Information und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit‘, ‚Fortbildungen und Veranstaltungen‘ sowie ‚Früherkennung und Screening‘ zu einer verbesserten Versorgungssituation von Athlet_innen sowie Trainer_innen bei und bildet Multiplikator_innen wie z.B. sportpsychologische Expert_innen im Feld ‚Psychische Gesundheit im Leistungssport‘ weiter.
This study aims to examine whether the risk for depression differs between using a disease- and a health-oriented instrument in elite youth sport and to uncover relationships of risk with concern to age, sex, type of sport, and level of performance. A sample of 549 eleven- to twenty-one-year-old elite athletes were screened using the German versions of the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) and the WHO Well-Being Index-5 (WHO-5). For external validity, the state of physical well-being and mood state, as well as recovery measures, were assessed. The proportions of athletes at high risk for mental health problems were 11.3% (PHQ-2) and 12.8% (WHO-5) of the participants. Young athletes (<15 years old) and male athletes showed lower risk values compared with older or female athletes. Moreover, PHQ-2 and WHO-5 values correlated with physical well-being and subjective sleep parameters. Both instruments were practical and diagnostically conclusive. Further studies on the validation of the instruments are recommended.
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