AimThe aims of this study were to describe the prevalence of screening‐positive depression and to identify the frequency and factors related to self‐reported depression diagnosis in people with screen‐positive depression.MethodsUsing the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS‐15), 4065 older Chileans were screened for depression. Social and health variables were included. Self‐reported depression diagnosis and antidepressant use were analyzed according to screen‐positive depression (GDS‐15 ≥ 5). Chi‐square and logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors related to screen‐positive depression, and self‐reported diagnosis and current antidepressant use.ResultsOverall, mean age was 71.0 years, 60.9% women, and 71.4% had ≤8 years of education. 28.3% of the population screened positive for depression (mild: 21.7%; moderate‐severe: 6.5%). Only 35.9% of screen‐positive depression individuals self‐reported a depression diagnosis (mild: 32.6%; moderate‐severe: 47.0%), with significant differences between the sexes (women: 42.2%; men: 22.5%; P < .01). No education (OR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.20‐3.32), multimorbidity (OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.42‐2.48), dependence (OR = 4.14, 95% CI = 3.11‐5.51) and pain (OR = 2.49, 95% CI = 2.01‐3.07) were related to screen‐positive depression. In people screen‐positive depression, men (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.35‐0.65) and 80 years or older were less likely to self‐report depression diagnosis (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.23‐0.54), and current antidepressant use (OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.14‐0.70).ConclusionsA high prevalence of depressive symptoms and low agreement with self‐reported depression is observed. There is a need to increase the diagnosis of depression especially in men and people 80 years or older.
Lejos de aquellas descripciones emanadas de las ciencias sociales que muestran al envejecimiento y vejez de la población como un fenómeno sin historia y apolítico, el presente artículo pretende mostrar cómo el proceso de envejecimiento de la población obedece a prácticas de cálculo, gestión y control de la población iniciadas con la Constitución Política de 1925 en Chile. Hoy, la población de 60 y más años, forma parte de las actuales técnicas de gobierno que buscan la seguridad social y económica bajo una racionalidad biopolítica de la salud del cuerpo envejecido. 1 Palabras clave: Vejez, biopolítica, gerontogubernamentalidad, cuerpo, salud pública. Genealogy of an unannounced old age: biopolitics of aging bodies or the advent of gerontogovernmentality Abstract: Far from those descriptions emanating from the social sciences that show aging of the population as a phenomenon without history and apolitical, this article shows how the process of aging is due to accounting practices, management and population control that started with the 1925 Political Constitution in Chile. Today, people aged 60 and over is a target of governmental policies aiming toward social and economic security, under a biopolitical rationality towards the health of an aged body.
Strawberry is one of the most widely consumed fruit, but this crop is highly susceptible to drought, a condition strongly associated with climate change, causing economic losses due to the lower product quality. In this context, plant root-associated fungi emerge as a new and novel strategy to improve crop performance under water-deficiency stress. This study aimed to investigate the supplementation of two Antarctic vascular plant-associated fungal endophytes, Penicillium brevicompactum and Penicillium chrysogenum, in strawberry plants to develop an efficient, effective, and ecologically sustainable approach for the improvement of plant performance under drought stress. The symbiotic association of fungal endophytes with strawberry roots resulted in a greater shoot and root biomass production, higher fruit number, and an enhanced plant survival rate under water-limiting conditions. Inoculation with fungal endophytes provokes higher photosynthetic efficiency, lower lipid peroxidation, a modulation in antioxidant enzymatic activity, and increased proline content in strawberry plants under drought stress. In conclusion, promoting beneficial symbiosis between plants and endophytes can be an eco-friendly strategy to cope with drought and help to mitigate the impact of diverse negative effects of climate change on crop production.
Quality of life of older people with depressionand dependence: validity of the SF-12 (short form health survey) questionnaire Background: Depression and dependence have a great impact on the quality of life of older people. Aim: To validate the SF-12 (short-form) health related quality of care questionnaire (HRQOL) as an alternative of the SF-36 to estimate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and its association with depression and dependence in Chilean older people living in the community. Material and Methods: The questionnaire was answered by 4,124 Chilean older people (61% women). HRQoL was evaluated with the SF-36 questionnaire. The SF-12 questionnaire includes 12 items from the SF-36. Results: The internal consistency of the SF-12 questionnaire was high (0.88). The effect size of the differences in the averages of the SF-12 and SF-36 scales was small (0.06-0.41). Good agreement was found between the physical and mental components of the . Logistic regressions determined that people with dependence and depression have a higher risk of poor HRQoL. The figures for the physical component were, mild depression: odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence intervals (CI)
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