The purpose of this work was to investigate: (1) the differences in temperament and character between 49 women with migraine and 49 controls using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), and (2) the extent to which these differences were related to migraine or to the presence of comorbid depression. The migraine patients scored significantly higher than the controls in two temperament dimensions—Harm Avoidance (HA) and Persistence (P)—and significantly lower in one character dimension—Self-Directedness (SDir) (Student’s t ). After multiple logistic regression, the TCI P and HA dimensions were significantly associated with the presence of migraine. The HA dimension was also related to the presence of depression. Our results show that in migraine the higher HA score could be partly associated to comorbid depression while the high P dimension seems to be solely related to the presence of migraine.

The Huesmann, Lefkowitz, and Eron Validity (F) + Psychopathic Deviate (Pd) + Hypomania (Ma) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory index of aggression and Heilbrun's hypothesis regarding the interaction of intelligence and psychopathy in relation to violent behavior were evaluated within a sample of adult male offenders. The F + Pd + Ma composite did not differentiate significantly between inmates who had been classified according to the violent or nonviolent nature of their most recent offenses, although it did positively correlate with the subjects' lifetime total number of violent convictions. Nonetheless, this latter correlation was of extremely small magnitude, and the combination of scales F, Pd, and Ma performed no better than Pd alone. Low levels of intellectual functioning were associated with violent crime in all analyses; however, contrary to Heilbrun, the relationship of intelligence and psychopathy to violence was found to be linear and additive rather than interactive, regardless of whether psychopathy was defined as F + Pd + Ma or as Pd only.

Clinical and statistical predictions of six categories of recidivism among 198 adult male felony probationers were compared and combined, both before and after correcting for the restricted range of the predictor vanables The statistical composite consistently outperformed decision makers for the undifferentiated recidivism catena of arrest and conviction The opposite state of affairs was seen to exist for all three indices of violent recidivism, but only after correction for restriction of range The combination of both variables tended not to produce significant increases m criterion variance compared to the superior predictor alone, the major exception being incarceration for any offense Decision makers performed best when forecasting violent criminal conduct that resulted m incarceration, and this contingency table was subjected to a detailed analysis of the outcomes of prediction This included two methods of estimating the probable probationary performance of 141 members of the initial sample who were sentenced to pnson and consideration of the utilities associated with false positive and false negative errors Partially because of the seeming impossibility of achieving perfect prediction, it was concluded that there is a need for decision-making guidelines that include only those cnminological vanables that can serve the dual purpose of predicting recidivism and indicating which offenders, because of the social harm for which they have been responsible, are the most deserving of impnsonment as punishment

No abstract

Frequencies of violent and nonviolent convictions among 390 adult, male offenders were cross-tabulated, dummy coded, and analyzed by canonical correlation. Though of small magnitude, a statistically significant dimension of association between violent and nonviolent criminality was obtained, and the nature of this relationship was ascertained by means of intraset and interset structure coefficients and an index of interset redundancy. The results, weakly supportive of the crime specialization hypothesis, were seen to illustrate the potential usefulness of a canonical correlational approach to the analysis of a two-way contingency table.