Associations Between Violent And Nonviolent Criminality: A Canonical Contingency-Table Analysis

Holland, Terrill R.; Levi, Mario; Beckett, Gerald E.

doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr1602_7

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Delinquent behaviors are not all alike. The nature of the delinquency and the etiological history of the offender can vary greatly (Gerstein & Briggs, ; Holland, Levi, & Beckett, ). Thus, juvenile violent and non‐violent probationers examined in this study varied to a large extent in terms of their psychological characteristics.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Psychological Correlates of Violent and Non‐violent Hong Kong Juvenile Probationers

Chan

Chui

2012

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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There is little known about Hong Kong juvenile offenders on probation. The purpose of this study was to compare Hong Kong juvenile violent with non‐violent probationers on static demographic and psychological variables. The study comprised 109 male juvenile probationers aged 14–20 years (M = 16.97, SD = 1.44) in community transitional housing; 34 were adjudicated for violent offenses, while 75 were non‐violent. The Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale (RSES), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Social Bonding Scale‐Theft (SBS‐T), Social Bonding Scale‐Violent Crime (SBS‐VC), Positive and Negative Affect Scales (PANAS), Impulsiveness Scale‐Short Form (IS‐SF) and CRIME‐PICS II were administered to measure self‐esteem, life satisfaction, social bond, positive and negative affect, impulsivity, pro‐offending attitudes, and self‐perceived life problems. Data on onset age of delinquent behavior, age of first adjudication, number of prior adjudications, and frequency of self‐reported delinquency in the past year were also collected. t‐tests were consistent with significant differences for violent offenders including higher self‐esteem (p < 0.05). Non‐violent offenders self‐reported significantly more theft (p < 0.05) with a tendency to deny victim hurt more often (p < 0.01); 76.5% of violent offenders self‐reported both violent and non‐violent crime, while 58.7% of non‐violent offenders reported only non‐violent crime. For violent and non‐violent offenders, the onset of delinquency was inversely related to the frequency of self‐reported delinquency. Using ordinary least‐squares (OLS) regression analyses, self‐anticipated violent reoffending risk was predicted by age of onset, frequency of self‐reported delinquency, social bond (inversely), and impulsivity, while non‐violent reoffending risk was predicted by the number of prior convictions and self‐reported delinquency. Only two psychological correlates, social bond and impulsivity, were related to violent delinquency; interventions are suggested. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Psychological Correlates of Violent and Non‐violent Hong Kong Juvenile Probationers

Chan

Chui

2012

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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“…The advantage of this approach criminologically is that offenders are allowed to change type if they are criminally active in more than one five-year period. This therefore addresses the criticisms of typologies by Figlio (1981) and Holland et al (1981). The five-year period is, however, long enough to be able to gain an understanding of the typology of an offender if he or she is offending within that period.…”

Section: Typologies Of Offendingmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…The development of such criminal typologies has had dissenting voices. One suggested that static typologies do not reflect the fact that criminal activity appears to vary over time (Figlio 1981;Holland et al 1981). In contrast, Gibbons (1975), an erstwhile exponent in the 1960s, later suggested that, for most existing typologies, it was difficult to allocate individuals unambiguously to types in a real-life setting.…”

Section: Typologies Of Offendingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Patterns and Pathways of Offending Behaviour

Francis

Soothill²,

Fligelstone

2004

European Journal of Criminology

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A B S T R A C TThis study presents a new approach to developing a typology of criminal activity. The distinguishing feature of the analysis is that it concentrates on determining types of activity rather than the amounts of activity over the life course. The methodology involves investigating criminal activity in a succession of five-year periods rather than the conventional approach of summarizing a 'lifetime' of crime. This provides scope for assessing changes and pathways of criminal activity as offenders grow older, and gives new insight into the concepts of specialization and versatility. The Home Office Offenders Index birth cohort for 1953 provided official conviction histories up to 1993 (age 40), and latent class analysis identified a fixed number of types of criminal behaviour separately for males and females. The patterns of offending varied markedly between males and females. Male offending (with nine identified types) showed greater diversity than female offending (with three identified types). For the males, each type of offending had a distinct age profile, but this was not evident with the females. A new definition of offending specialization is given, and is shown to increase for males as offenders grow older. A case study on one of the male offending types illustrates the potential for identifying pathways of crime. K E Y W O R D STypologies / Criminal Trajectories / Clusters / Latent Class Analysis / Pathways / Specialization.

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“…CCA, which has found its application of analysing variable interrelationships in fields as diverse as biometrics [42,43], economics [44], social sciences [45] and criminology [46], proved to be the most successful algorithm in identifying the least significant terms in the model for both the predictor and response variables, by using both the information from the weight vectors and from the residuals of both the predictor and response terms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multivariate statistical analysis applied to an IL6 signal transduction model in hepatocytes

McArdle

Krüger

Hahn

2009

Statistics in Medicine

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SUMMARYThis paper introduces the application of linear multivariate statistical techniques, including partial least squares (PLS), canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and reduced rank regression (RRR), into the area of Systems Biology. This new approach aims to extract the important proteins embedded in complex signal transduction pathway models.The analysis is performed on a model of intracellular signalling along the janus-associated kinases/signal transducers and transcription factors (JAK/STAT) and mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) signal transduction pathways in interleukin-6 (IL6) stimulated hepatocytes, which produce signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 3 (STAT3).A region of redundancy within the MAPK pathway that does not affect the STAT3 transcription was identified using CCA. This is the core finding of this analysis and cannot be obtained by inspecting the model by eye. In addition, RRR was found to isolate terms that do not significantly contribute to changes in protein concentrations, while the application of PLS does not provide such a detailed picture by virtue of its construction.This analysis has a similar objective to conventional model reduction techniques with the advantage of maintaining the meaning of the states prior to and after the reduction process. A significant model reduction is performed, with a marginal loss in accuracy, offering a more concise model while maintaining the main influencing factors on the STAT3 transcription.The findings offer a deeper understanding of the reaction terms involved, confirm the relevance of several proteins to the production of Acute Phase Proteins and complement existing findings regarding cross-talk between the two signalling pathways.

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Associations Between Violent And Nonviolent Criminality: A Canonical Contingency-Table Analysis

Cited by 12 publications

References 4 publications

Psychological Correlates of Violent and Non‐violent Hong Kong Juvenile Probationers

Psychological Correlates of Violent and Non‐violent Hong Kong Juvenile Probationers

Identifying Patterns and Pathways of Offending Behaviour

Multivariate statistical analysis applied to an IL6 signal transduction model in hepatocytes

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