Co-management in Timor-Leste local institutions with hierarchical governance of higher and external influences. Initial successes with implementing tara bandu incorporating a small marine closure have stimulated other communities to implement no-take zones-one universally popular but very limited interpretation of co-management. However, we highlight the need for a set of guiding principles to ensure legitimate community engagement, and avoid external appropriation that may reinforce marginalization of certain user groups or customary power hierarchies.
A aparição do Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF) marca um momento singular na trajetória do processo de intervenção estatal na agricultura e no mundo rural do Brasil. Apesar de avanços no aperfeiçoamento e ampliação do universo de cobertura, o programa permanece ancorado numa ambigüidade básica tanto em termos do público-alvo a ser beneficiado quanto aos objetivos essenciais que persegue, onde, na retórica oficial, mesclam-se orientações tipicamente produtivistas com compromissos mais amplos, como a geração de empregos, a inclusão social e o desenvolvimento territorial. O artigo em questão desenvolve uma análise do PRONAF à luz de recente pesquisa realizada no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, inserida no contexto de um convênio firmado entre o PCT/IICA-PRONAF e a Fundação de Economia de Campinas - FECAMP para montar um sistema de acompanhamento das ações do Ministério do Desenvolvimento Agrário e avaliar os impactos deste programa. Os dados finais mostram fortes evidências de diferenciação social dentre os produtores familiares.
The PRONAF (Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar) creation defines a unique moment regarding state intervention in Brazilian agriculture. Despite enhancements and covering ampliation this program still show ambiguity related even with its benefited public or its essential objectives. Regarding official rethoric productive orientation is mixed with more general goals like job creation, social inclusion, and territorial development. This paper tries to analyze PRONAF considering recent research carried out in the state of Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil, which was an agreement between IICA (Inter American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture) and Brazilian Government to create an action monitoring system and evaluate their impacts. Final data indicates strong evidences of social differentiation among family farmers
Different segments of society have shown interest in understanding the effects of human activities on ecosystems. To this end, the aim of this article is to analyze the scientific literature on the application of the Drivers-Pressures-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) conceptual model to identify the parameters used to describe the causal interactions that occur between agriculture and aquatic ecosystems at the watershed scale. In this way, descriptive indicators were established for the data of 63 publications collected through Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct. The results confirm the great heterogeneity in the interpretation of the pressure, state, and impacts components. Part of this discrepancy can be attributed to the use of different indicators, as the model is flexible and generic. Overall, the DPSIR is a tool used not only in the scientific field, but also has demonstrated its potential to guide public policy formulation, planning, and decision-making in water resource management.
Evaluation of organic potato production systems in the southern Rio Grande do Sul State, BrazilThe production of potatoes in the municipality of São Lourenço do Sul, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, occurs since the arrival of the first German and Pomeranian immigrants for over 150 years. This crop has always had significant socioeconomic importance, for its tradition, habit and culture brought by the colonizers, not only promoting the development of this municipality, but also the entire southern RS. However, from the 1990s on, the potato crop of this region faced several technological and structural problems, losing ground to other crops. An alternative found by a group of farmers is the organic production system. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate the potato organic systems in order to identify criteria that the farmers consider important in this production system. Two groups of farmers that grow potatoes in the organic system were selected. A group of farmers of the Reference Network of Embrapa Clima Temperado research project, and another group formed by farmers outside the Reference Network. The multicriteria decision support methodology (MCDA) was used to create participatory and interactive models. In general, the models constructed did not differ much in relation to the production practices adopted by each group of farmers. However, differences were observed in the levels of impact of actions and in the establishment of different weights between models, so the end result in order of preference of the evaluation criteria was different. For the group belonging to the reference network, potato size was the most important criterion, while for the group outside the network was the criterion risk of production.
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