O presente trabalho comparou diferentes testes para a avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de brássicas, com ênfase no teste de envelhecimento acelerado (TEA). Foram utilizados quatro lotes de sementes de repolho, cultivar Coração de Boi, quatro de sementes de couve-brócolis, cultivar Piracicaba Precoce, e cinco de sementes de couve, cultivar Georgia. Foram realizados os testes de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, emergência de plântulas, condutividade elétrica e envelhecimento acelerado. Neste, foram empregados três procedimentos: tradicional (água), solução saturada (40 g 100 mL-1) e solução diluída (11 g 100 mL-1) de NaCl, a 42°C, por períodos de 48, 72 e 96 horas. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições e análises isoladas para cada teste. Os testes de primeira contagem de germinação e velocidade de emergência de plântulas apresentaram potencial para avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de repolho e couve-brócolis. Já para sementes de couve, os testes de emergência de plântulas e condutividade elétrica foram os mais eficientes. TEA também foi eficiente na avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de brássicas. Para repolho, a melhor distinção entre o potencial fisiológico das sementes através do TEA aconteceu seguindo o procedimento tradicional e empregando solução diluída de NaCl, ambos por 48 e 72 horas, e solução saturada de NaCl por 72 e 96 horas. Para couve-brócolis, todas as variações do TEA testadas foram eficientes na identificação dos lotes de semente de qualidade superior. Já para couve, os melhores resultados foram obtidos aplicando TEA na metodologia tradicional por 96 horas e solução diluída por 72 horas. Observou-se ainda que, em comparação com o uso de água, a utilização de solução salina no TEA inibiu sensivelmente o crescimento e desenvolvimento de fungos.
This study intends to evaluate responses on the growth of soybeans plants from seeds with high and low vigor in different drought periods. Experimental design was completely randomized in factorial AXB (Factor A: variables 0, 2, 3, 4 and 5 water stress; Factor B: level of seed vigor, high and low). Evaluations of fresh matter, plant
Formation of soybean seeds: physical, physiological and biochemical aspects This experiment aimed at the evaluation of the physical, physiological and biochemical changes during formation of soy seeds, produced in 2009 and 2010, in Piracicaba, São Paulo. Seeds of two cultivars of soy were used, namely CD-202 and CD-224, and treatments were composed by the moment of harvest, along the process of formation of seeds, and by the use or non-use of artificial drying. For the evaluations, we determined the number of days for seedling emergency, flowering, full flowering, harvest, physical parameters (productivity, rate of water in the seeds and mass of a thousand seeds) physiological parameters (viability and vigor) and biochemical parameters (rate of oil, of protein, of chlorophyll, of lignin and carbohydrates). The experimental delineation in use was in random blocks, in which each block contained one experimental unit of each cultivar, distributed at random, in a factorial scheme of eleven (harvesting periods), x two (dried and not dried), at four repetitions, and the statistical analysis were performed with software R. It was possible to conclude that at physiological maturity of soy seeds, stage R7, independently of the cultivar and of the evaluation of dry or humid seeds, the productivity, viability and rates of lignin are at their maximum; In the moment of harvest of soy seeds, stage R9, independently of the cultivar and evaluation of humid or dry seeds, the accumulation of mass is at its maximum, there is a drop in the level of water, of the viability and vigor, and the seed contains more oil and protein; The vigor of the seeds is at its maximum at stage R7 for the seeds which were evaluated dry and at stage R8 for the ones evaluated as humid, independently of the cultivar; There is the complete deterioration of the chlorophyll at stages R7, for the seeds of cultivar CD-202 and R8, for the seeds of cultivar CD-224; There are carotenoids in all stages of development of soy seed, however there are more of them in the beginning of the process of formation of seeds. There is variation of quantity of carbohydrates according to the evaluation of humid or dry seeds.
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