ABSTRACT. Haemagogus (Conopostegus) leucocelaenus (Dyar & Shannon) and Toxorhyncllites (Lyncltiella) theobaldi (Dyar & Knab) frequency in tree boles, in a forest at Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. The activities were performed at a preserved forest named "Capão da Imbuia", in the urban area ofCuritiba, Paraná, Brazil, during march/1990 till march march/1991. The tree holes studied, showed different features: soil distance, area and volume. 303 immatures forms from seven specie ofCulicidae were caught: Haemagogus (Conopostegus) leucocelaenus (Dyar & Shannon, 1924), Culex (Culex) acharistus Root, 1927, Toxorhynchites (Lynchiella) theobaldi (Dyar & Knab, 1906), Culex (Culex) eduardoi Casal & Garcia, 1968, Culex (Culex) quinquefasciatus Say, 1823, Aedes (Protomacleaya) ferrens (Walker, 1856). Two species were the most frequent: Haemagogus (C.) leucocelaenus and Toxorhynchites (L.) theobaldi, both ofthem had the higlest medias during spring and summer. These species were in overposition during the caughts.

Atrazine was banned by the European Union in 2004, but is still used in many countries. Agricultural research employing nanotechnology has been developed in order to reduce the impacts to the environment and nontarget organisms. Nanoatrazine was developed as a carrier system and have been considered efficient in weed control. However, its toxicity must be verified with nontarget organisms. In this context, the aim of the present study was to investigate ecotoxicological effects of solid lipid nanoparticles (empty and loaded with atrazine) and atrazine on Chironomus sancticaroli larvae, evaluating the endpoints: mortality, mentum deformity, development rate and biochemical biomarkers. The contaminant concentrations used were 2, 470, 950, and 1900 μg L −1 in acute (96 h) and 2 μg L −1 in subchronic (10 days) bioassays. An environmentally relevant concentration of atrazine (2 μg L −1 ) presented toxic and lethal effects towards the larvae. The nanoparticles loaded with atrazine showed toxic effects similar to free atrazine, causing mortality and biochemical alterations on the larvae. The nanoparticle without atrazine caused biochemical alterations and mortality, indicating a possible toxic effect of the formulation on the larvae. In the acute bioassay, most concentrations of nanoparticles loaded with atrazine were not dose dependent for the endpoint mortality. Only the atrazine concentration of 470 μg L −1 was statistically significant to endpoint mentum deformity. The atrazine and nanoparticles (with and without atrazine) did not affect larval development.The results indicate that Chironomus sancticaroli was sensitive to monitor nanoatrazine, presenting potential to be used in studies of toxicity of nanopesticides.

Ana leuch lozovei 3 ABSTRA TCr. MOSQUITOES (DIPTERA, CULlCIDAE) CAPTURED BY HUMAN BAIT lN A RESIDUAL FOREST PATCH AT CURlTII3A, PARANÁ, BRAZIL. ln a residual forest patch at Curitiba city, captures of culicidae were perfonned using human bait, at land levei, between 5 :00 to 9:00 hours p.m. The period covered 12 months, march-90 to march-91 and the captures lasted 108 hours. ln this per iodo were caught 18 specie distributed in nine genera. The four specie caught that made more than ten percent were Aedes (Och /ero/a/us) Áreas de mata preservada em condições próximas à situação original em área urbana, pode propiciar condições à manutenção de espécies de Culicidae (Diptera), através da oferta de criadouros e fontes de alimentação para os adultos fêmea e macho. Dentre os criadouros, podemos destacar os naturais formados por ocos de árvores e bromélias, os quais são explorados principalmente por espécies com caráter silvestre ou ambíguo, além daqueles introduzidos pela atividade antrópica, multiplicando potencialmente a diversidade de recipientes a serem explorados pelos imaturos de Culicídeos.Os culicídeos concentram o maior número de espécies envolvidas na veiculação de agentes patogênicos ao homem . Como exemplo, as arboviroses, as quais REEVES (1965) assinala duzentas, das quais setenta são patogênicas para o homem, sendo a maioria destes agentes etiológicos transmitidos pelos culicídeos, principalmente na região dos trópicos .

Mansonia (Mansonia) fonsecai (Pinto 1932) is considered a valid species distinct from Mansonia indubitans Dyar & Shannon 1925. Morphological characters to distinguish Ma. fonsecai from Ma. indubitans are included. The adult female, male, genitalia, pupa, and fourth-instar larva of Ma. fonsecai are described and illustrated.

A new species, Monopelopia paranaense is described and illustrated, based on immatures collected in a little pond in Parana State (South Brazil) and adults reared in laboratory. Keys to males, larvae and pupae of all species of the genus Monopelopia Fittkau known in the New World are also provided.

A new species, Mansonia (Mansonia) iguassuensis sp. nov., is described and defined based on morphological characters of adult male and female, male genitalia, fourth-instar larvae and pupae. Descriptions were based on specimens collected in the states of Paraná and São Paulo. Female and male genitalia, fourth-instar larvae and pupae are illustrated.

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Background: Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti are mosquitoes commonly adapted to tropical and subtropical regions. These vectors can transmit different types of arboviruses causing a serious concern to public health. New alternatives for the vector/arboviruses control are emerging, and in this sense the protozoan Ascogregarina taiwanensis may present potential as a biological control agent against these mosquitoes. Methods: To evaluate the effects of protozoan A. taiwanensis, mosquitoes were parasitized with a solution containing oocysts and evaluated to lifetime, fertility, fecundity for Ae. albopictus and for Ae. aegypti interaction with Azadirachta indica and Temephos. Results: In this work it was possible to observe the protozoan morphology in mosquitoes Ae. albopictus, as well its negative influence on mortality, 73% and non-parasitized was 44%. The number of eggs oviposited by parasitized females of Ae. albopictus was lower (3,490) than for the non-parasitized females (5,586). In addition, the hatchability and/or viability of these eggs were also lower for the parasitized females (63%) than the non-parasitized ones (74%). For Ae. aegypti mosquitoes, a synergism between the use of A. taiwanensis associated with a chemical insecticide and a botanical insecticide was observed. The results demonstrate that when Ae. aegypti larvae was parasitized by A. taiwanensis and exposed to the oil of Az. indica or to the organophosphate Temephos present a greater mortality. Conclusion: It was notable that A. taiwanensis can be a potential for biological control and adjuvant of insecticides. We also provide important information about the maintenance of A. taiwanensis in laboratory.