The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of two awareness programs (6-day vs. 1-day programs) on children's attitudes toward peers with a visual impairment. Three hundred and forty-four Spanish physical education students (164 girls and 180 boys) aged 10-15 years, took part in the study. A modified version of the Attitudes Toward Disability Questionnaire (ATDQ) was used, which includes three sub-scales: (i) cognitive perceptions, (ii) emotional perception, and (iii) behavioral readiness to interact with children with disabilities. The questionnaire was filled out during the regular physical education class before and immediately after the awareness activity. The 6-day didactical unit included a lecture on visual impairments and a video describing visual impairments and the game of 5-a-side soccer (first lesson), sensibilization activities toward visual impairment (second and third lessons), training and competitive 5-a-side soccer tasks using blindfolded goggles (fourth and fifth lessons), and a sport show and chat with soccer players with a visual impairment (sixth lesson). The 1-day awareness unit only included the final session of the didactical activity. Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed significant time effects in the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral subscales. Sex also was found to demonstrate significant effects, in which women showed more favorable results than men. A time-by-group intervention effect was only demonstrated in the cognitive sub-scale, and the 6-day didactic intervention was more effective than the 1-day awareness unit.

Research in soccer has traditionally focused on very specific aspects of the game, such as technical and physiological aspects, and has largely ignored important issues such as tactical performance and the role of individual players within the team. The aim of this study was to study the different relationships that Xabi Alonso, one of the world's best midfielders, establishes with his teammates during offensive play, and to investigate his connections with the pitch in terms of where his direct interventions started and finished, his use of technical actions, his involvement in set plays and interceptions, and his relationship with shots at goal. To do this, we analyzed all the matches played by the winner of the 2012 UEFA European Championship: Spain. We employed an observational methodology design (Anguera, 1979) using a modified version of the ad hoc soccer observation instrument designed by Amatria et al. (2016). The resulting data were analyzed by polar coordinate analysis (Gorospe and Anguera, 2000), which is a powerful data reduction technique with high predictive power. The results showed significant associations (Z > 1.96; p < 0.05) between Alonso and players in different positions, a wide sphere of influence on the pitch, both for the start and end of interventions, and a strong link with game interruptions and interceptions and with the use of different technical actions. No significant associations were detected for type of shot. Studies on tactical performance that take account of the multiple factors involved in soccer will lead to better decision-making by coaches and facilitate analysis of a player's true performance.

Título: Influencia de la actividad física en la autoestima y riesgo de dependencia en personas mayores activas y sedentarias. Resumen: El objetivo del estudio fue conocer cómo influye la práctica de actividad física en la autoestima y en el nivel de riesgo dependencia de las personas mayores, diferenciándose entre el grupo control (sedentarios) y grupo experimental (activos). Participaron 168 personas mayores de 65 años, de las cuales 84 personas fueron catalogadas como activas y las 84 restantes fueron completamente sedentarias. Para analizar la autoestima se ha utilizado la Escala de Autoestima Personal de Rosenberg y para evaluar el riesgo de dependencia se utilizó el test de Barber. La autoestima positiva es más elevada en las personas activas (GE: 3.25±.45 vs. GC: 3.14±.47) y la negativa superior en el grupo de sedentarios (GC: 2.23±.48 vs. GE: 2.20±.52). Existen diferencias significativas (p ≤ .001) entre los sujetos del GC (2.93±1.67) y los del GE (1.65±1.03), evidenciando estos últimos un menor riesgo de dependencia. Se encontró una positiva entre la práctica de actividad física y la autoestima positiva (r =.244; p ≤ .01), así como entre la práctica de actividad física y el índice Barber (r = -.425; p ≤ .001). En conclusión, se debe fomentar la práctica regular de actividad física para mejorar el nivel de autoestima y minimizar el riesgo de dependencia en personas mayores. Palabras clave: actividad física; programa físico-deportivo; autoestima; dependencia; personas mayores. Abstract:The objective of the study was to know how the practice of physical activity influences self-esteem and the level of risk dependence in old age, differentiating between the control group (sedentary) and experimental group (active). Participants were 168 people over 65 years of age, 84 of whom were classified as active and the remaining 84 were completely sedentary. To analyze self-esteem, Rosenberg's Personal Self-Esteem Scale was used whereas Barber's helped to assess the risk of dependence. Positive self-esteem is higher in the active (GE: 3.25 ± .45 vs. GC: 3.14 ± .47) but negative in the sedentary group (GC: 2.23 ± .48 vs. GE: 2.20 ± .52). There were significant differences (p ≤ .001) between the subjects of the CG (2.93 ± 1.67) and those of the EG (1.65 ± 1.03), with the latter showing a lower risk of dependence. There was a positive association between physical activity and positive self-esteem (r = .244; p ≤ .01), as well as between physical activity and the Barber index (r = -.425; p ≤ .001). In conclusion, regular physical activity should be encouraged to improve the level of self-esteem and minimize the risk of dependence on older people.

El presente artículo es una aproximación a la fase ofensiva del fútbol 5 en el primer año de la categoría prebenjamín. En el seno de la metodología observacional, utilizando estadística descriptiva y mediante la detección de patrones secuenciales ocultos, se constata la falta de adecuación de la actual propuesta de competición con las posibilidades reales del niño, en lo relativo a la utilización del espacio de juego y a las acciones técnicas demandadas en su práctica.

El ahogamiento en el mundo es una de las principales causas de muerte no intencional en edades tempranas, supone un riesgo importante para la vida de las personas. Para ello se debe conocer el estado de la cuestión y saber la accidentabilidad que se produce en los espacios acuáticos, así como conocer las medidas preventivas que se están llevando a cabo. Además se pretende saber si los docentes poseen formación en materia de prevención de riesgos, ya que son una parte importante del proceso educativo de las personas y son un importante eslabón de la cadena educativa. Muchos de los accidentes en los espacios acuáticos se producen bajo la supervisión y vigilancia de los tutores legales y profesores, por lo que esto supone un riesgo profesional para ellos. Esta problemática se debe poner en conocimiento de las autoridades para que se establezcan políticas sociales que minimicen dicha problemática.Abstract. Drowning is one of the main causes of unintentional death at an early age worldwide, posing a significant risk to the lives of people. Hence, we must know the state of the matter and the accident rates occurring in aquatic spaces, as well as the preventive measures that are being carried out. In addition, we intend to understand whether teachers receive training on risk prevention, as they are an important part of individuals’ educational process and they are an important link within the educational chain. Many of the accidents in aquatic spaces occur under the supervision of legal guardians and teachers, hence posing a professional risk to them. This problem should be brought to the attention of authorities so that social policies are established to minimize this problem.