em Enfermagem. Professora Adjunta da FEN/UFG. 3 Enfermeira. Mestre em Enfermagem. Professora Assistente da FEN/ UFG. RESUMO:Trata-se de um artigo de atualização tendo como objetivo destacar aspectos conceituais sobre a infecção hospitalar de interesse para o cuidado de enfermagem, evidenciando os fundamentos que norteiam a compreensão deste fenômeno de indiscutível importância epidemiológica para a assistência à saúde. O tema é trabalhado no sentido de evidenciar a responsabilidade em controlar a infecção como sendo papel inerente aos profissionais da equipe de saúde. Destaca-se a formação profissional voltada para uma cultura prevencionista como condição necessária para se concretizar um programa de controle e prevenção de infecção, descrevendo-se uma experiência local sobre a importância das atividades desenvolvidas pelo núcleo de pesquisa na área, como instrumento que interfere, positivamente, nos resultados das ações dos enfermeiros. Evidencia-se o importante papel do enfermeiro no desenvolvimento das ações de prevenção e controle de infecção e a educação continuada como estratégia de implementação de medidas eficazes na busca da qualidade do cuidado.ABSTRACT: Nursing practices and procedures play an indispensable role in the prevention of hospital infection. This review discusses the unquestionable importance of proper nursing practices related to the control of infection. The establishment of a culture based on prevention is a requirement for any infection control program. This paper also explains activities conducted by our research group that identified procedures that affirm the role of nursing practices in the prevention and control of infection. It is clear that continuing education represents the main strategy to implement effective measures for providing quality health care. RESUMEN:Las prácticas de la enfermería y los procedimientos juegan un papel indispensable en la prevención de infección del hospital. Este artículo tiene como objetivo destacar los aspectos conceptuales respecto a la infección hospitalaria de grande interés para el cuidado de la enfermería, así como, la importancia epidemiológica para la salud. Resalta la formación profesional volcada para una cultura basado en la prevención como requisito para cualquier programa de control de la infección. Explica las actividades dirigidas por el grupo de investigación en esta área, también identificó procedimientos que afirman el papel de la enfermera en las prácticas de la prevención y el control de la infección. La inplementación de la educación continuada representa la principal estrategia para desarrollar las medidas eficaces en la búsqueda de un cuidado con calidad a la clientela.Endereço: Milca Severino Pereira Rua 1024 Q-64, n° 366 Apto 1701 Residencial Frei Galvão.
This qualitative research aims at identifying the perception of health care workers of different categories from a specialized institution in emergency health service in the city of Goiânia regarding the context involving biohazard accidents. Firstly, 382 workers were given a questionnaire in order to identify those who had experienced an accident, 39 of which also took part in an interview addressing the general aspects of the accidents. Among the main accident causes to be highlighted are: unattention, non-adherence to preventive measures, patient's severity and hurry. Among the experienced feelings the main ones are: inconfidence, fear of contamination, rage, and even calmness. Half reported no consequence resulted from the accident. Data points to the need of self-worth concerning the worker's health and also of programs aiming at occupational safety enhancement.
The fungal pathogenic flora of the external surface of 103 cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) collected from the intensive care unit of a hospital were investigated. In this study, a high percentage of test cockroaches (93.2%) were found to carry fungi of medical importance. The main fungi isolated were species of Candida, Aspergillus and Penicillium. Information about the carriage of pathogenic fungi by cockroaches in hospital environment is scanty. The results suggest that cockroaches can play a role in dissemination of fungi, which they can carry on their external surface.
Cockroaches carry microorganisms to sterilized materials, equipment and non-contaminated food in hospitals and in homes. Hence, they are regarded as major microbial vectors. We isolated and identified microorganisms from living cockroaches captured from a Brazilian health care institution and we determined the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the isolates. Following collection, cockroaches were immobilized at 4 degrees C for 10 to 20 minutes, immersed in 0.8% saline solution and then homogenized. Next, the suspension was seeded in culture media: brain and heart agar infusion, MacConkey agar, Naito agar, and they were incubated for up to 48 hours at 37 degrees C. Sabouraud agar cultures were incubated at ambient temperature. The microbial colonies were analyzed with a stereomicroscope to count and phenotypically identify the colony-forming units (cfu). The disc-diffusion method was used to determine the profile of susceptibility to antimicrobials. Among the 103 cockroaches analyzed, fungi were found in 97%, enterobacteria in 74.6% and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) in 25.40%. Among the enterobacteria, 96% were resistant to gentamicin, 84% to ampicillin, 75.3% to caphalothin, 66.7% to ampicillin-sulbactam, 50% to aztreonam and 30% to chloramphenicol. Among the CNS, 61% were resistant to oxacillin. We concluded that cockroaches carry organisms associated with nosocomial infections and that are resistant to antimicrobials. This fact contributes to the epidemiological chain, complicating therapeutics, and consequently, medical costs are increased.
Compliance with standard precautions measures is essential to prevent and control healthcare-associated infections. The objective of the study was to evaluate the knowledge and practice of hand washing, use of gloves and the handling and disposal of needlesticks and other sharp objects among nursing and medical students. This is a descriptive observational study, which used a questionnaire and a check list. Knowledge of standard precaution measures was evaluated in 48/48 (100.0%) nursing students and 93/112 (83.0%) medical students. At the teaching hospital, 26/37 (70.3%) nursing students and 78/93 (83.9%) medical students belonging to the population being investigated were observed during their clinical practice. These results were compared intra groups. Knowledge of hand hygiene procedures was higher than what was observed in the clinical practice in both groups of students, (χ²; p≤0.001). Compliance with the use of sterile and non-sterile gloves, and handling and disposal of needlesticks and other sharp objects was higher than the knowledge of these procedures among nursing students, and a statistically significant difference was observed with regards to sterile glove usage (χ²; p=0.009). Regarding medical students, there was no statistical difference between knowledge and practice insofar as these two types of gloves were concerned, as well as regarding the handling and disposal of needlesticks and other sharp objects. Performance of both groups in terms of knowledge of hand hygiene showed a dichotomy between the teaching and the practice of these standard precautions. Results have shown a deficiency in the teaching-learning process for the other measures evaluated.
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