No nordeste do Brasil, a abelha-sem-ferrão Trigona spinipes perfura o tronco de espécimens cultivados de Eucalyptus citriodora para a produção de exudatos. A investigação química do extrato etanólico do ninho de T. spinipes permitiu o isolamento dos triterpenos cicloartanos ácido magniferólico e ácido 3 -hidroxi-24-metilenocicloartan-26-óico, além dos flavonóides 3'-metilquercetina, sakuranetina, éter 7-metil campferol, tricetina e éter 7-metil aromadendrina como compostos majoritários. O isolamento de sakuranetina, éter 7-metil campferol e éter 7-metil aromadendrina do ninho de T. spinipes e do exudato de Eucalyptus citriodora, sugere esta espécie como origem botânica dos constituintes do ninho destas abelhas-sem-ferrão no nordeste do Brasil. A caracterização estrutural dos compostos isolados foi realizada utilizando-se métodos espectrométricos e comparação com dados da literatura.In the Northeast of Brazil the stingless bee Trigona spinipes Fabricius injures the tree bark of cultivated Eucalyptus citriodora specimens in order to make them exudate. The chemical investigation of the ethanol extract of an entire nest of T. spinipes allowed the isolation of the cycloartane triterpene magniferolic acid and 3 -hydroxy-24-methylenecicloartan-26-oic acid, besides the flavonoids 3'-methyl quercetin, sakuranetin, kaempferol 7-methyl ether, tricetin and aromadendrin 7-methyl ether as the main compounds. The isolation of sakuranetin, kaempferol 7-methyl ether, and aromadendrin 7-methyl ether from both Trigonas spinipes´nest and the exudate from Eucalyptus, may suggest this species as a botanical origin of the nest constituents of these stingless bee in the Northeast of Brazil. The structural characterization of the isolated compounds was accomplished by spectrometric means and comparison with the literature data. Keywords:Trigona spinipes nest, cycloartane triterpenes, flavonoids, Eucalyptus citriodora exudate IntroductionMore than 500 species stingless bees of subfamily Meliponinae are of pantropical distribution, however, the great diversity of species from the tribe Trigonini and all from the trib e Meliponini are found in the Neotropics. Indigenous stingless bee species from South America collect resinous material from plants and mix it with beewax and soil to form "geopropolis" or "divine elixir", terms suggested for the Meliponinae honeys.2,3 In a general way, they build more complex nests than Apis mellifera, although there are a great variety of forms, size and place of construction. The majority of species use closed cavities to build their nests, but some species of the genus Trigona build completely exposed aerial nests with an entrance normally build of wax and mud, and a passage way generally built with geopropolis ending at the storage pots. 4 Until now, chemical reports are concentrated to the honey bee Apis mellifera and only a few information is known about the chemistry of stingless bees, in spite of the estimated number of over 500 Neotropical species. 5Beekeeping of stingless bees or "meliponiculture" ...

Two unusual flavonoids, 3,5,4',5''-tetrahydroxy-7-methoxy-6-[1-(p-hydroxy-phenyl)ethyl]flavanone (1) and 3,5,7,4',5''-pentahydroxy-6-[1-(p-hydroxy-phenyl)ethyl] flavanone (2), were isolated from the kino of Eucalyptus citriodora. Structural elucidation of the new compounds were established on the basis of spectral data, particularly by the use of 1D NMR and several 2D shift-correlated NMR pulse sequences ((1)H, (1)H-COSY, HMQC, HMBC).

No abstract

Essential oils from fresh leaves of Eucalyptus urophylla (EOEU) and E. brassiana (EOEB), obtained by hydrodistillation, were orally administered to Swiss male mice 60 min before experimental procedures. EOEU and EOEB at either 200 or 400 mg/kg were evaluated for sedative/hypnotic activity through pentobarbital sleeping time, locomotor activity by open-field procedure, and anticonvulsant activity through seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole. EOEU and EOEB were effective in increasing the sleeping time, as well as diminishing ambulation in the open-field test. In addition, EOEU (but not EOEB) significantly increased the number of mice protected against PTZ-induced death. Our results are in accord with the ethnopharmacological use of Eucalyptus species, and, after complementary toxicological studies, could support further investigations to assess their use as sedative agents.

Acupuncture is a therapy of the traditional Chinese medicine technique, which over the years has been widespread in the West. Defined as a needle-point treatment technique (acupoints), exactly preconfigured in the body to produce a specific physiological reaction to restore the balance between the function of conflicting states and homeostasis, alternating states of energy and thus maintain the ideal organ and body organization. Thus, the objective of this study was to map and describe the main points of acupuncture in the species Boa constrictor , and their indications to promote the balance of this species. The unprecedented result of the mapping was the discovery of specific acupoints with individual location indications without distribution in specific meridians and dispersedly distributed in the body.

Resumo: A Própolis de abelhas africanizadas (Apis mellifera L.) é um produto da colmeia, elaborado a partir de exsudações de resinas que as abelhas recolhem de determinadas plantas. A composição química da própolis é complexa e relacionada à diversidade vegetal encontrada em torno da colmeia. Estudos recentes demonstram que a própolis possui uma série de propriedades biológicas, essas propriedades têm feito da própolis uma importante matéria-prima para as indústrias farmacêutica, alimentícia e de cosméticos. O estudo dessas propriedades é, portanto, necessário, a fim de se obter um produto com alto padrão de qualidade e valor agregado. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito de sete extratos alcoólicos da própolis (EAP) apícola Potiguar no desenvolvimento de quatro microrganismos de importância veterinária. As colmeias habitadas com enxames de abelhas africanizadas (Apis mellifera L.) selecionados para coleta da própolis estavam organizadas em apiários, distribuídos em região de vegetação distinta no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. As coletas de material no campo ocorreram no período dos meses de outubro a dezembro de 2013, a obtenção dos extratos e os ensaios do potencial antibiótico ocorreram durante o ano de 2014. Foi identificado que os EAP 1, 6 e 7 foram ativos nos quatro microrganismos testados, e os EAP 3 e 4 não demonstraram-se ativos para nenhum microrganismo. Os resultados encontrados evidenciam a superioridade da própolis vermelha do mangue Potiguar quando comparados aos resultados citados em outros estudos para os mesmos microrganismos. Palavras Chave: Extrato Alcoólico de Própolis; Enterobacter aerogenes; Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus; Salmonella spp.Abstract: Propolis Africanized bees (Apis mellifera L.) is a product of the bee hive, elaborated based on exudates resins that bees collect from certain plants. The chemical composition of propolis is complex and related to plant diversity found around the bee hive. Recent studies have shown that propolis has a number of biological properties, these properties have made from propolis an important raw material for the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries. The study of the properties is therefore necessary in order to obtain a product with a high standard of quality and value. This study aims to evaluate seven different alcoholic extracts of propolis (AEP), of Potiguar honey bees, in the development of four microorganisms of great veterinary importance. The bee hives inhabited by swarms of Africanized bees (Apis mellifera L.) selected for the collection of propolis were organized in apiary distributed in different vegetation region in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The material collected in the field occurred in the period from October to December 2013, obtaining the extracts and antibiotic potential of the trials took place during the year 2014. It was identified that the EAP 1, 6 and 7 were active in all four tested microorganisms, and the EAP 3 and 4 are not demonstrated to be active for any microorganism. T...

and galic acid. Structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was established on the basis of spectral data, particularly by the use of 1D NMR and several 2D shift correlated NMR pulse sequences ( 1 H, 1 H-COSY, HMQC, HMBC).

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial efeito in vitro de extratos de própolis apícola amazônica sobre o crescimento de Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis, agente causal da bacteriose da mandioca. As amostras de própolis foram coletadas em apiários com colmeias habitadas por abelhas Apis mellifera L. (africanizadas) nos municípios de Santa Izabel e Curuçá, no estado do Pará. Os extratos foram obtidos a partir de maceração estática por 24 h com os solventes hexano, acetato de etila e etanol 80%. Os perfis fenólicos das amostras foram obtidos através de Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência/Detecção de Arranjo de Diodos/Espectrometria de Massas com Ionização Electrospray (HPLC/DAD/ESI-EM). A atividade antibacteriana foi verificada com os extratos nas concentrações de 0,1; 0,2; 0,3 e 0,4%. A análise química revelou a presença do kaempferol na amostra de Santa Izabel-PA, do ácido gálico na amostra de Curuçá-PA, e do 3,4-dihidroxibenzoico em ambas amostras. O extrato etanólico a 80% da própolis apícola de Santa Izabel reduziu significativamente o crescimento de X. axonopodis pv. Manihotis.