Acupuncture is a therapy of the traditional Chinese medicine technique, which over the years has been widespread in the West. Defined as a needle-point treatment technique (acupoints), exactly preconfigured in the body to produce a specific physiological reaction to restore the balance between the function of conflicting states and homeostasis, alternating states of energy and thus maintain the ideal organ and body organization. Thus, the objective of this study was to map and describe the main points of acupuncture in the species Boa constrictor , and their indications to promote the balance of this species. The unprecedented result of the mapping was the discovery of specific acupoints with individual location indications without distribution in specific meridians and dispersedly distributed in the body.
A incontinência urinária (IU) é uma síndrome que promove a perda involuntária de urina, podendo causar prejuízos para a saúde e para a vida social dos seus portadores. A IU é classificada em cinco tipos diferentes, e o seu tratamento varia de acordo com o tipo e com as doenças associadas. Um dos tratamentos consiste no emprego de fármacos que realizam o bloqueio neuromuscular, dentre eles a toxina botulínica (TXB). No entanto, poucos estudos abordam a utilização da TXB para essa finalidade. Considerando este cenário, o presente trabalho consistiu em uma revisão integrativa da literatura sobre o uso da TXB no tratamento da IU. A pesquisa de artigos científicos foi realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, PubMed e Science Direct, sendo selecionados artigos publicados nos últimos cinco anos, sem restrição de idioma e disponíveis na íntegra gratuitamente para leitura. Os descritores utilizados na pesquisa foram: toxina botulínica, incontinência urinária e terapêutica. Foram selecionados 19 artigos, e dentre os resultados encontrados destaca-se que, apesar da superior eficácia da TXB intradetrusora quando comparada com a terapia oral empregando outros fármacos, ela não é a primeira escolha para um tratamento inicial, sendo selecionada após a falha farmacológica. Além disso, destaca-se a importância da adesão do paciente ao tratamento com TXB, visto que são necessárias constantes reaplicações da mesma. No entanto, antes do uso da TXB é necessária uma análise cuidadosa, que deve considerar as indicações, custos e possíveis complicações. Por fim, apesar dos estudos já publicados sobre o tema, há a necessidade de mais pesquisas referentes a fisiopatologia da IU e o emprego da TXB no seu tratamento.
Background: Wild animals bred in captivity may develop steatosis due to unbalanced dietary intake and obesity caused by sedentary behaviour. In some rural areas, six-banded armadillos are raised in captivity inside some metal barrels, with restricted space, and are often overfeed. After getting fattening, armadillos they are slaughtered and used as food. Theunfavorable conditions may somehow contribute to likely underlie the development of many diseases, among them we can including hepatic steatosis. The present report aims to describe the pathological fndings of hepatic lipidosis in banded armadillos (Euphractus sexcinctus), bred in captivity.Case: The animals were three female adult six-banded armadillos (Euphractus sexcinctus), caught in the native forest of the city of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil and raised in domestic environment in a small enclosure and fed with human food leftovers. After eight months kept in these conditions armadillos had severe obesity and then were donated to the city zoo, where they were quarantined and presented clinical symptoms of anorexia for two weeks, weight loss and exhaustion. After being found dead during daily inspection carried out by the veterinarian zoo, the six-banded armadillos were sent to the Animal Pathology Laboratory of Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid (UFERSA) for pathological examination.The animals presented with a history of anorexia were extremely obese and the autopsy detected had extensive deposits of fat in the carcass and liver. Histopathologically, the liver cells hepatocytes showed marked intracytoplasmic vacuolization and with peripheral displacement of the nucleus to the periphery, with and positive staining for lipids using scarlet Sudan III. To our knowledge, this is the frst report of hepatic lipidosis in banded.Discussion: Hepatic lipidosis can be categorized into normal liver and mild, moderate, or severe fatty liver. In severe cases, it is estimated that 80% of the hepatocytes are affected. Therefore, we classifed the hepatic lipidosis of the three studied female six-banded armadillos as severe, since the lipids were deposited diffusely. Based on the severity of the lesions and absence of other fndings, we concluded here that hepatic lipidosis contributed to the cause of the six-banded armadil los death. The weight of the animals in this report may be associated with innapropriate enclosure dimensions and a diet based on human food leftovers. Such diet was reportedly composed of rice, beens, spaghetti, and bread, which are food with high levels of carbohydrate. The armadillos of the Euphractus sexcinctus species usually weigh between 3 and 6 kg and hence, the animals of this report showed twice the normal weight. The occurrence of hepatic lipidosis associated with anorexia triggered by a stressful event such as a change of environment and diet armadillos observed in the present study is in agreement with literature data pointing anorexia in obese animals as a major predisposing factors for the occurrence of hepatic lipidosis by promoting energy restriction, peripheral lipolysis and large intake of fatty acids to the liver.Keywords: Euphractus sexcinctus, armadillos, anatomopathology, liver, lipidosis.
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