<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Investigated the directions of use of topographic maps and requirements for them at different stages of design, construction and operation of underground gas storages in rock salt – one of the most important parts of Russia's Unified gas supply system. The specificity, complexity and diversity of cartographic support of this industry emphasized. A new type of topographic map is proposed, the content of which is subjected specially to the purpose of creating underground gas storage with the display of information about the objects of the entire complex of storage, their parameters, and data about development of dangerous natural and anthropogenic processes.</p><p>The system of notation conventions is developed: a) wells of various type and purpose, their characteristics; b) underground and surface objects of storage in the form of water-brine and technological complexes, pipelines for various purposes; c) environmental monitoring facilities, specially protected areas. The necessity substantiated to supplement the main original of the map with text characteristics with thematic maps-insert and 3-D models (figure 1).</p><p>As the most current thematic maps are considered: the depth and power of the salt rocks (figure 2); the calculated subsidence trough of the earth's surface (figure 3); the zone of maximum spread of the construction of the brine and mineralization of groundwater (figure 4).</p><p>In general, all the presented developments characterize a new type of specialized topographic map for the design, construction and operation of underground gas storage.</p>
The article covers the methods of creating a topographic specialized map of oil and gas destination in relation to the construction of underground hydrocarbon storage in rock salt. As you know, one of the directions of providing the country’s economy with liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons is creating underground storage of gas and oil products, for which the most favorable, practically impervious and safe natural environment is rock salt. There are 12 salt basins in Russia, more than 100 underground reservoirs have been created and their further construction is planned. The relevance of the work is due to the fact that topographic maps are used at different stages of the creation of such storages from pre-investment to exploitation. However, the content of topographic maps of universal purpose needs its additional specialization, consisting, as shown by the authors in a previously published article, in displaying the types and types of wells, underground reservoirs, surface complexes, objects of environmental monitoring geological and technological models, etc. The complex of proposed methods for creating maps is based on using achievements of earth Sciences and geoinformation technologies. The emphasis is made on the methods most closely related to cartographic modeling. Their development required the analysis of tools and methods of topographic and geodetic surveys, as well as a set of works on geological, hydrogeological, surveying, geophysical support of the process of creating underground storage. The choice and justification of even known methods was associated with the need to adapt them to the target mapping. The field methods (surveying topographic, geodetic, geological), laboratory, remote, geophysical (mainly audio locator), calculation, providing a justification for the stability of underground reservoirs, monitoring the subsidence of the earth’s surface, determining the boundaries of the maximum distribution of construction brine and spatial modeling in the form of geological and geological-technological models were discussed. The purpose of each method (with an illustration of the cartographic result and 3D-models), its essence, principle of operation, devices, software were considered. The developed author’s programs (in the category of sonar and calculation methods) are presented in stages and illustrated.
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