Methods for creating a topographic specialized map for oil and gas purposes (as applied to the construction of underground hydrocarbon storages in rock salt)

Abstract

The article covers the methods of creating a topographic specialized map of oil and gas destination in relation to the construction of underground hydrocarbon storage in rock salt. As you know, one of the directions of providing the country’s economy with liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons is creating underground storage of gas and oil products, for which the most favorable, practically impervious and safe natural environment is rock salt. There are 12 salt basins in Russia, more than 100 underground reservoirs have been created and their further construction is planned. The relevance of the work is due to the fact that topographic maps are used at different stages of the creation of such storages from pre-investment to exploitation. However, the content of topographic maps of universal purpose needs its additional specialization, consisting, as shown by the authors in a previously published article, in displaying the types and types of wells, underground reservoirs, surface complexes, objects of environmental monitoring geological and technological models, etc. The complex of proposed methods for creating maps is based on using achievements of earth Sciences and geoinformation technologies. The emphasis is made on the methods most closely related to cartographic modeling. Their development required the analysis of tools and methods of topographic and geodetic surveys, as well as a set of works on geological, hydrogeological, surveying, geophysical support of the process of creating underground storage. The choice and justification of even known methods was associated with the need to adapt them to the target mapping. The field methods (surveying topographic, geodetic, geological), laboratory, remote, geophysical (mainly audio locator), calculation, providing a justification for the stability of underground reservoirs, monitoring the subsidence of the earth’s surface, determining the boundaries of the maximum distribution of construction brine and spatial modeling in the form of geological and geological-technological models were discussed. The purpose of each method (with an illustration of the cartographic result and 3D-models), its essence, principle of operation, devices, software were considered. The developed author’s programs (in the category of sonar and calculation methods) are presented in stages and illustrated.