The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute toxicity of sodium selenite in mice and rats after per os application to establish the relationship between a high toxic dose of sodium selenite and tissue alterations in rats. Increasing doses of sodium selenite (4, 10, 14 and 18 mg/kg) were administered in separate groups of mice and rats. Obtained LD 50 values of sodium selenite in mice and rats were in the range of 8.08 to 12.11 mg/kg po. In separate groups of rats of both genders, sodium selenite in a dose of 10 mg/kg po was applied. Survived animals were sacrificed after the end of day 7 and an increase of fluids in thoracal and abdominal cavities was recorded. Tissue samples of the heart, liver, spleen and kidney were prepared using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Histopathological examination revealed the signs of inflammation, haemorrhages, degeneration and rapid loss of normal cell architecture in the heart, liver, spleen and kidney of sodium selenite treated animals. These and other available data suggest the possibility of using environmentally friendly selenite rodenticide. These compounds which possess a different mechanism of action when compared to anticoagulants and an acceptable toxic potential, could improve rodent pest management programs, especially regarding anticoagulant-resistant rodents.
In order to compare the efficacies of conventional (cholecalciferol and bromadiolone) and new (sodium selenite) rodenticides, applied in the grain bait formulation on the whole-grain of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and triticale (Triticasecale) in alfalfa crops, experiments were conducted at two sites near Belgrade, Serbia, in the spring of 2009, using a standard EPPO method. The presence of rodent populations, their spatial distribution and density indices were evaluated by pretreatment census and rodenticide efficacy by counting active holes, 14 and 28 days after treatment. The average Microtus arvalis numbers of 158/ha and 184/ha were found to cause 7.4% and 9.6% alfalfa green biomass yield decreases, respectively. Twenty-eight days after treatment, the average efficacy of grain bait formulation (on wheat and triticale grains) of sodium selenite and cholecalciferol was 81%, while bromadiolone which had a higher efficiency, 85%, in the control of the common vole in alfalfa crops. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the origin of active substances, bases and associated interactions a.s x based on the efficacy-investigated grain baits did not have a statistically significant impact on the expression efficiency of the tested baits. Triticale grains can be used as carriers of active substances, sodium selenite, cholecalciferol or bromadiolone in preparation baits. Control of M. arvalis with the new rodenticide, sodium selenite, gave efficacy results about equal to that of cholecalciferol and bromadiolone and, therefore, provided a possible alternative rodenticide for vole control in alfalfa
SUMMARYThe established indoor population of introduced Valencia slug, Lehmania valentiana (Ferussac, 1821), has been recorded for the first time in Serbia. The first two specimens had been found in December, 2010 and cultivated in the laboratory by the end of April, 2011 when they died. In May, we collected new specimens of different ages in the same locality, indoor garden of Hyatt Regency Belgrade hotel. In the case of large population densities Valencia slug could cause severe damage to greenhouse plants in our country, yet it is unlikely that it could survive winter outdoor in Serbia, and we do not expect its permanent outdoor establishment.
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