This study was designed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Cinnamomum iners standardized leave methanolic extract (CSLE), its fractions and isolated compounds. CSLE and fractions were subjected to disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests using different Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and yeast. Within the series of fractions tested, the ethyl acetate fraction was the most active, particularly against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli, with MIC values of 100 and 200 µg/mL, respectively. The active compound in this fraction was isolated and identified as xanthorrhizol [5-(1, 5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-2-methylphenol] by various spectroscopic techniques. The overall results of this study provide evidence that Cinnamomum iners leaves extract as well as the isolated compound xanthorrhizol exhibit antimicrobial activity for both Gram negative and Gram positive pathogens, especially against MRSA strains.
This review describes the morphological, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Cinnamomum iners Reinw. ex Blume (Lauraceae). The plant grows wild in the lowland of Malaysia, India, Myanmar, Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore, Brunei and Philippines. This plant is commonly used for its carminative, analgesic and antipyretic properties, for postpartum treatment, rheumatism and digestive ailments. This article enumerates an overview of phytochemical and pharmacological aspects that is useful to researchers for further exploration necessary for the development of this potential herb.
Objective: This study was designed elucidate the Phytochemicals of the widely-used plant Brassica oleracea var. Italica.
Method: Hydroethanolic extracts of Brassica oleracea var. Italica plant extract was investigated. A small portion of the
hydroethanolic extracts of Brassica oleracea var. Italica was subjected to the phytochemical test using Trease and Evans
and Harbourne methods to test for the presence of alkaloids, tannins, reducing sugars, saponins, terpenoids, phenols,
flavonoids and Anthraquionones. Result: The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins,
flavonoids, terpenoids, coumarins, quinines, cardiac glycosides, Xanthoproteins, glycosides, steroids, phenols, resins,
carboxylic acid group in varying concentrations. The present study provides evidence that Hydro ethanolic extracts of
Brassica oleracea var. Italica contains medicinally important bioactive compounds and this justifies the use of plant species
as traditional medicine for treatment of various diseases. Conclusion: Thus, from the present study the plant leaf extracts
of Brassica oleracea var. Italica showed an abundant production of Phytochemicals as secondary metabolites and they can
be used in the pharmaceutical industries for producing a potent drug. The studies result of the above two plants gives a
basis of its use in traditional medicine to manage ailments and disorders.
Objective: To determine the effect of pre-cooling agent on the intensity of pricking pain at the intraoral injection site in adult patients.
Method: An in-vivo interventional study, using split-mouth technique was conducted in the Department of Operative Dentistry, Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, DUHS, Karachi, between September 2018 to August 2019. Total 152 adult patients meeting the inclusion criteria were selected, and consent form was signed to investigate the pricking pain perception during needle administration. Topical anesthesia (benzocaine gel) was applied on left side (control) for 1 min whereas on the experimental (right) side the refrigerated cartridge was placed for 2 minutes. Infiltration anesthesia was then administered on both sides respectively. Patient’s pain perception ratings were measured through Visual analog scale (VAS). After profound anesthesia was achieved, restorative treatment was performed under rubber dam isolation. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS Version 24.
Results: The effect of pre-cooling agent i.e. refrigerated cartridge, was statistically significant (P-value <0.05) on the intensity of pricking pain at the intraoral injection site among the age group of 41 to 50 years and female participants of 21to 30 years whereas the effect of pre-cooling agent was found statistically insignificant among the male participants of the age group of 21 to 30 years and irrespective of gender within 31 to 40 years of age.
Conclusion: Pre-cooling agent was found effective in decreasing pricking pain sensed by the patients. Precooling agent can be used without topical anesthesia before administering infiltration because cryoanesthesia
Continuous...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.