The use of computer-based virtual reality (VR) technologies in the educational process is continuously increasing for a variety of professional activities. Medical education is one of the examples, where such efforts are particularly visible. Today’s VR products provide the maximum immersion into a virtual environment and active interaction with their components. These VR products are becoming increasingly more popular, even in comparison with pseudo-3D simulators. VR facilitates the development of the abilities for precision work as much as mechanical skills. In emergency medical care, it is particularly important to practice the skills requiring specialized knowledge and abilities. In this work, we discuss VR-simulators built to practice the algorithm of emergency medical assistance in a maximally realistic environment.
The tram service in Magnitogorsk is one of the main means of transportation. This study substantiates the cause-and-effect relationships of the tram service development and the industrial progress in Magnitogorsk. Due to the retrospective analysis of the transport infrastructure development singled out the tram service as a social factor in the cultural formation of an industrial society. By means of an abstract-logical method, based on factual historical evidence, the authors established that the authorities actively used trams to form the culture of citizens, to influence the nature of their social behavior. The periodization of the evolutionary change in people's behavior under the influence of the authorities when using trams to develop a positive attitude towards the industrialization of society is determined. The obtained results can be useful for the municipal authorities of Magnitogorsk to reassess the importance of tram service for modern society in the context of the displacement of this type of transport by the dynamic development of transport infrastructure.
The Germanic studies of Russia of the last century showed the interest twice to the problem of economic preconditions for revolutionary events in our country. The first time this interest took place at the beginning of the 20th century, directly in connection with these events. At that, the material quoted by M. Weber and O. Hetch actually doubted the thesis about the probability of a successful bourgeois revolution performance in the Russian Empire, although M. Weber also allowed optimistic sentiments. Such kind of duality is also noticeable among German-speaking scholars studying Russia who addressed the topic in the second half of the 20th century, when there was some interest in it among FRG historians (but not among GDR ones). Most of them, assessed the prospects for imperial modernization in the country skeptically, they did not overestimate the opportunities for a successful implementation of the bourgeois revolution "from below." At that, the specific material that they provided at the end of the 20th century testified to the incompatibility of worker and peasant mentality with bourgeois ideological attitudes. But, given a certain contradictoriness of its position on the issue of "democratic alternatives" to Bolshevism, the German scholars studying Russia during the second half of the 20th century mostly recognized the regularity and naturalness of the Bolsheviks' coming to power.
The article analyzes contemporary Russian historiography on the evacuation of indsutries during the Great Patriotic War. Particular attention is paid to digital data cited by researchers about the number of industrial enterprises from different economic sectors evacuated into the rear as one of the most important characteristics of the USSR military economy. The absence of comprehensive work on the evacuation of material resources into the country’s rear remains problematic. The article provides a comparison of central and regional studies of Siberia, the Volga region, and the Urals. The conclusion is drawn on the significant successes of regional historiography in studying a number of problems in organizing the relocation and placement of industrial enterprises in new places, commissioning, economic efficiency of evacuated industrial equipment, and consequences of evacuation for strengthening the Soviet rear. The points under consideration concern the main achievements and debatable issues in the study of industrial evacuation, as well as the characteristics of the prospects for this scientific problem studying. The necessity of intensifying research on such aspects. Among these aspects are the following: the influence of pre-war mobilization plans on the organization of evacuation during the war, identifying the share of equipment losses during evacuation and explanations for such losses, the creation and functioning of evacuation bases, the evacuation of design bureaus and their impact on modernization processes on evacuated factories, and the post-war fate of the evacuated equipment.
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