Mayaro virus (MAYV) is frequently reported in Pan-Amazonia. The aim of this study was to investigate the circulation of alphaviruses during a dengue outbreak in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Serum samples from dengue-suspected patients were subjected to multiplex semi-nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for 11 flaviviruses and five alphaviruses, to nucleotide sequencing and to viral isolation. MAYV was detected in 15 (2.5%) of 604 patients. Twelve were co-infected with dengue virus 4, which was isolated from 10 patients. The molecular detection of MAYV in dengue-suspected patients suggests that other arboviruses may be silently circulating during dengue outbreaks in Brazil.

This study aimed to investigate the circulation of Orthobunyavirus species in the state of Mato Grosso (MT) Brazil. During a dengue outbreak in 2011/2012, 529 serum samples were collected from patients with acute febrile illness with symptoms for up to five days and 387 pools of female Culex quinquefasciatus captured in 2013 were subjected to nested-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for segment S of the Simbu serogroup followed by nucleotide sequencing and virus isolation in Vero cells. Patients (5/529; 0.9%) from Cuiabá (n = 3), Várzea Grande (n = 1) and Nova Mutum (n = 1) municipalities were positive for the S segment of Oropouche virus (OROV). Additionally, eight/387 Cx. quinquefasciatus pools were positive for the segment, with a minimum infection rate of 2.3. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that all the samples belong to the subgenotype Ia, presenting high homology with OROV strains obtained from humans and animals in the Brazilian Amazon. The present paper reports the first detection of an Orthobunyavirus, possibly OROV, in patients and in Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes in MT. This finding reinforces the notion that arboviruses frequently reported in the Amazon Region circulate sporadically in MT during dengue outbreaks.

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a significant problem for patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy. This situation has never been studied in Mato Grosso state, central Brazil. This study was conducted aiming to estimate the prevalence of the anti-HCV and the incidence of seroconversion in the main metropolitan region of the state.

The dengue virus (DENV), which is frequently involved in large epidemics, and the yellow fever virus (YFV), which is responsible for sporadic sylvatic outbreaks, are considered the most important flaviviruses circulating in Brazil. Because of that, laboratorial diagnosis of acute undifferentiated febrile illness during epidemic periods is frequently directed towards these viruses, which may eventually hinder the detection of other circulating flaviviruses, including the Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), which is widely dispersed across the Americas. The aim of this study was to conduct a molecular investigation of 11 flaviviruses using 604 serum samples obtained from patients during a large dengue fever outbreak in the state of Mato Grosso (MT) between 2011 and 2012. Simultaneously, 3,433 female Culex spp. collected with Nasci aspirators in the city of Cuiabá, MT, in 2013, and allocated to 409 pools containing 1-10 mosquitoes, were also tested by multiplex semi-nested reverse transcription PCR for the same flaviviruses. SLEV was detected in three patients co-infected with DENV-4 from the cities of Cuiabá and Várzea Grande. One of them was a triple co-infection with DENV-1. None of them mentioned recent travel or access to sylvatic/rural regions, indicating that transmission might have occurred within the metropolitan area. Regarding mosquito samples, one pool containing one Culex quinquefasciatus female was positive for SLEV, with a minimum infection rate (MIR) of 0.29 per 1000 specimens of this species. Phylogenetic analysis indicates both human and mosquito SLEV cluster, with isolates from genotype V-A obtained from animals in the Amazon region, in the state of Pará. This is the first report of SLEV molecular identification in MT.

Dengue virus (DENV) is the most frequent arbovirus worldwide. In this study, we report a large outbreak in Mato Grosso State (MT). Serum samples from 604 patients with acute febrile illness for less than five days were inoculated in C6/36 cells, then infected cells were subjected to an indirect immunofluorescence test for DENV serotypes and yellow fever virus. Serum samples were submitted to a multiplex-semi-nested-RT-PCR for 11 flaviviruses. DENV-4 was isolated in 150/604 (24.8%) and DENV-1 in 19/604 (3.1%) specimens. By RT-PCR, 331 (54.8%) samples tested positive for DENV; 321 had single infections (DENV-4 n = 305; DENV-1 n = 15; DENV-3 n = 1), nine had co-infections of DENV-1/DENV-4, and one of DENV-2/DENV-4. DENV-4 was detected in 315/331 (95.2%) positive patients from 17 municipalities, and DENV-1 in 24/331 (7.2%) patients from five cities in north-central MT and the city of Cuiaba. The incidence of infection was higher in patients aged 20-39 (142/331; 42.9%). The NS5 partial nucleotide sequence of DENV-1 was most similar to that of genotype V, DENV-2 to Southeast Asian/American, DENV-3 to genotype III, and DENV-4 to genotype II strains, considered the most frequent strains in Brazil. This outbreak coincided with the introduction of DENV-4 in the state. Cuiaba was hyperendemic for the four DENV serotypes, highlighting the necessity for arbovirus surveillance in MT.

Objetivo: Realizar uma ação educativa com acadêmicos de enfermagem sobre boas práticas de enfermagem na gravidez de adolescentes. Relato de Experiência: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo descritivo do tipo relato de experiência, ocorrido no Centro Universitário Metropolitano da Amazônia em Belém– PA em outubro de 2019. Participaram da ação vinte e oito acadêmicos do oitavo período do curso de graduação em enfermagem. A ação educativa ocorreu em quatro etapas inicialmente utilizou-se a técnica de livre associação das palavras; posteriormente ocorreu a explanação da temática com uso de Datashow; no terceiro momento ocorreu a discussão livre do tema abordado e por fim, repetiu-se a técnica de associação livre das palavras com o intuito de comparar as palavras evocadas. Após a análise de similitude realizada com auxílio do IRAMUTEQ, surgiram dois grafos com representação das coocorrências das palavras evocadas na técnica de associação livre das palavras. Considerações Finais: A ação educativa refletirá na formação do profissional de saúde a partir da reflexão da temática que resultará no auxílio adequado no manejo da gestação na adolescência.

RESUMONosso estudo envolveu a análise de cepas de Plasmodium falciparum provenientes da Região Amazônica Brasileira, coletadas no Laboratório de Malária da SUCEN. Os estudos "in vitro" foram efetuados com a cloroquina (46 ensaios), quinino (42 ensaios) e mefloquina (51 ensaios). Os resultados mostraram resistência de 100% em relação à cloroquina, 2,4% ao quinino e 31,4% à mefloquina, na análise "in vitro". Sete pacientes foram tratados com quinino isolado e nove com a associação mefloquina + pirimetamina-sulfadoxina, não mostrando correlação com os testes "in vitro". UN1TERMOS: Terapêutica da malária; Microtestes de sensibilidade ao Plasmodium falciparum. INTRODUÇÃOA resistência do Plasmodium falciparum a diversos antimaláricos, isto é, sua capacidade de multiplicar-se ou sobreviver em presença de determinada concentração de uma droga que normalmente é eficaz contra parasitas da mesma espécie 16 O primeiro relato de falha no tratamento com o quinino data de 1910, no BrashX Apesar de ser o quinino, ainda hoje, a droga preconizada pela OMS 17 para o tratamento de malária falcípara grave, não podemos ignorar que, apesar de raros, outros relatos de resistência foram descritos, como por exemplo na Tailândia 7 e n.A mefloquina (4-quinolinometanol) é considerada atualmente uma alternativa terapêuti-ca apropriada para o tratamento de P. falciparum resistente aos demais antimaláricos. Esta droga apresenta certas vantagens, como o fato de poder ser administrada em dose única, isolada ou em associação com outros medicamentos (sulfadoxina-pirimetamina), proporcionando(1) Auxílio financeiro do CNPq-Polonoroeste 700349/85.

The objective of this work was to determine the profile of the cellular defense system during mansonic infection. Specifically, this study assessed the number of hemocytes that were produced and released into the hemolymph in response to the parasitic infection. The quantification of the Biomphalaria glabrata hemocytes was performed on groups of snails at 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 days post-infection that had been individually infected with 5, 10, 15 or 30 Schistosoma mansoni miracidia. The results revealed that B. glabrata possesses a cellular defense mechanism that is characterized by the release of hemocytes into the hemolymph. The maximum peak of cellular production occurred 24 hours after infection, and there was a significant reduction in the hemocyte concentration over the following 10 days. However, at 15 days post-infection, there was a second increase in the cellular hemocyte production, although this was not as strong as the primary peak. At 30 days post-infection, there was another moderate rise in the cellular hemocyte production. Based on this cellular response profile, the defense system of the snail appears to be effective immediately following infection, but the response does not ensure the destruction of all parasites during the course of the infection.