-(Enrichment of forests in process of restoration: aspects of epiphytes and phorophytes that may be considered). Monitoring of forests in process of restoration has shown that they have not been achieving high diversity of life forms. Epiphytes, plants that live on host trees (phorophytes), are essential in an ecosystem. Thus, it is important to promote enrichment of forests using them. The aim of this work is to provide information for procedures of transplantation of epiphytes taken from forests that had to be cut off to areas that have been restored. In order to perform that, we analyzed survival and development of individuals of Aechmea bromeliifolia (Rudge) Baker (Bromeliaceae) a year after been transferred to six distinct host tree species, in a 23-year old Semideciduous Seasonal Forest. These variables did not significantly respond to any particular phorophyte species, bark roughness, or canopy cover. They showed significant differences according to the initial weight of the epiphytes. The middle-sized individuals (105.5 a 239.4 g) were the most successful in transplantations. Key words: Aechmea bromeliifolia (Rudge) Baker, Bark roughness, Canopy cover, Epiphyte weight, Restoration Ecology RESUMO -(Enriquecimento de florestas em processo de restauração: aspectos de epífitas e forófitos que podem ser considerados). Pelo monitoramento de florestas em restauração, detectou-se que elas dificilmente atingem alta diversidade de formas de vida. Epífitas, plantas que vivem sobre árvores hospedeiras (forófitos), são fundamentais em um ecossistema. É importante promover o enriquecimento de matas com essa forma de vida. O objetivo deste trabalho é fornecer subsídios teóricos para realizar transplantes de epífitas de florestas que tiveram que ser legalmente desmatadas para florestas em restauração. Para isso, analisou-se a sobrevivência e desenvolvimento de indivíduos de Aechmea bromeliifolia (Rudge) Baker (Bromeliaceae) um ano após terem sido transplantados a seis distintas espécies de forófitos, em Floresta Estacional Semidecidual em restauração há 23 anos. As variáveis analisadas não responderam significativamente de acordo com espécie de forófito, rugosidade de sua casca ou cobertura de dossel. Mostraram diferenças significativas de acordo com o porte das epífitas, de forma que aquelas de massa intermediárias (105,5 a 239,4 g) tiveram maior sucesso no transplante. Palavras-Chave: Aechmea bromeliifolia (Rudge) Baker, Cobertura de dossel, Ecologia de Restauração, Massa de epífita, Rugosidade de tronco 1. Parte de dissertação de Mestrado da primeira Autora, Programa de Recursos Florestais da Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo 2. Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Laboratório de Ecologia e Restauração Florestal.Av. Pádua Dias 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil 3. Autor para correspondência: mmeloduarte@gmail.com IntroduçãoEpífitas verdadeiras (holoepítas) são plantas que passam todo o seu ciclo de vida sobre hospedeiros (de...
Soil phosphorus (P) is a major driver of forest development and a critically limited nutrient in tropical soils, especially when topsoil is removed by mining. This nutrient can be present in soils in the form of different fractions, which have direct consequences for P availability to plants and, consequently, for restoration success. Therefore, understanding how the stocks of different soil P fractions change over the restoration process can be essential for guiding restoration interventions, monitoring, and adaptive management. Here, we investigated the recovery of soil P fractions by forest restoration interventions on bauxite mine sites in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We assessed the concentration of different fractions of soil organic and inorganic P at (1) a bauxite mine prepared for restoration; (2) two former bauxite mines undergoing forest restoration for 6 and 24 years; and (3) an old-growth forest remnant. Overall, restored areas recovered levels of labile organic P (P o-NaHCO 3) at 5-40 cm and of moderately labile organic P (P o-NaOH) at different depths, exhibiting concentrations similar to those found in a conserved forest. The use of P-rich fertilizers and forest topsoil may have greatly contributed to this outcome. Some other fractions, however, recovered only after 24 years of restoration. Other inorganic P fractions did not differ among mined, restored, and conserved sites: nonlabile P i (residual P and P-HCl), labile P i (P i-NaHCO 3), and moderately labile P i (P i-NaOH). Forest restoration was able to promote efficient recovery of important soil P fractions, highlighting the value of restoration efforts to mitigate soil degradation by mining.
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