Intensive renal support in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury did not decrease mortality, improve recovery of kidney function, or reduce the rate of nonrenal organ failure as compared with less-intensive therapy involving a defined dose of intermittent hemodialysis three times per week and continuous renal-replacement therapy at 20 ml per kilogram per hour. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00076219.)

BackgroundThis study evaluated and compared cardiorespiratory and blood gas parameters, as well as sedation, analgesia and recovery of two protocols: ketamine (10 mg/kg) or dexmedetomidine (10 μg/kg), with midazolam (0.5 mg/kg) and butorphanol (0.3 mg/kg), IM (KBM and DBM, respectively) in brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans).Material and methodsTwelve brown howler monkeys were selected in two groups and evaluated for cardiorespiratory parameters and sedation, from 5‐30 minutes after latency. Blood gas and arterial lactate were taken at 5 and 30 minutes. In the end, time and quality of recovery were evaluated.ResultsThe HR in DBM group was significantly lower at all times. The sedation score was higher in DBM. Recovery in DBM was faster. All animals had moderate hypoxaemia.ConclusionBoth protocols produce satisfactory anaesthesia and analgesia, but DBM provides deeper sedation with faster recovery. Oxygen supplementation is recommended in both due to hypoxaemia.

Pyometra is a common disease in intact female dogs and can cause glomerulopathy and tubular injury. This study aimed to evaluate kidney injury in female dogs with pyometra, as well as progression of the injury during treatment and the markers of this condition. This study analyzed 20 intact female dogs with both clinical and sonographic diagnosis of pyometra. Dogs were treated with intravenous fluids and antibiotics, and an ovariohysterectomy was performed. The following parameters were assessed at eight separate time points: blood pressure; serum creatinine, phosphorus, and urea levels; urinalysis and urinary biochemical parameters [urinary gamma-glutamyl transferase (uGGT) and urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR)]; glomerular filtration rate (GFR); and urine output. All dogs showed some degree of kidney injury at the time of pyometra diagnosis. This was transient in most animals, resolving with treatment of the pyometra. Measurement of uGGT and UPCR identified renal parenchymal injury, helping to determine the prognosis of the animals analyzed in the present study.

Objectives. The aim of the study is to compare the sedative, cardiorespiratory, echocardiographic, and blood gas effects of dexmedetomidine and methadone associated or not with midazolam for restraint chemistry in cats. Methods. Eighteen healthy young cats (4.06 ± 0.48 kg) were randomly sedated with two protocols, through the intramuscular route: dexmedetomidine (5 µg.kg−1), methadone (0.3 mg. kg−1) and midazolam (0.3 mg. kg−1) (DMTM, n = 9), or dexmedetomidine (7.5 µg.kg−1) and methadone (0.3 mg. kg−1) (DMT, n = 9). The cardiorespiratory parameters were measured at baseline, 5 and 10 minutes after pharmacological latency. The sedation, analgesia, and muscle relaxation scores were assessed before and 5 minutes after pharmacological latency, while arterial blood gas analysis and echocardiography were assessed before and after 10 or 15 minutes, respectively. Results. There was no difference between the protocols regarding the cardiorespiratory, blood gas, and echocardiographic parameters used. The scores for sedation, analgesia, and muscle relaxation also did not differ between the protocols, with the degree of sedation, analgesia, and myorelaxation considered satisfactory in both groups. A significant decrease in heart rate (HR) was observed after administration of the sedative protocols, reaching a maximum reduction at T10 (46% and 53% reduction in the DMT and DMTM groups, respectively). The reduction in HR had an impact on echocardiographic parameters such as CO, which decreased 53% and 56% in the DMT and DMTM groups, respectively. There was a significant reduction in PaO2, SaO2, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening in both protocols. SpO2 decreased significantly after 5 minutes of sedation in the DMT group, but with a minimum mean SpO2 of 92% in T5. The respiratory rate decreased significantly at 5 and 10 minutes in the DMTM group, while PaCO2 increased in both groups, indicating respiratory depression caused by the drugs. Conclusions and Relevance. The study pointed out that both sedative protocols can be recommended for clinical sedation of young and healthy cats in the doses used. However, both protocols resulted in cardiorespiratory depression in cats and also the particularities of the animals should be evaluated regarding reducing cardiac output by more than 50%.

A sedação para o exame odontológico, em estação, nos equinos é essencial para facilitar o manejo e garantir um exame de excelência. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar se o diazepam associado à detomidina potencializaria a sedação do agonista α2 (detomidina), principalmente pela redução do movimento da língua e mastigação sem excessiva desestabilização. Foram examinados 12 equinos adultos de diferentes idades, raças e sexos submetidos a correção dos arcos dentários e distribuídos aleatoriamente entre dois tratamentos: detomidina (20 µg.kg-1, IV) e diazepam (20 µg.kg-1, IV) (DD; n=6) ou detomidina (20 µg.kg-1, IV) e solução salina de NaCl 0,9% (DS; n=6). Foram avaliados o relaxamento e a exposição da língua, frequência cardíaca, intervalo PR, frequência respiratória, pressão arterial sistólica, temperatura retal, bloqueios atrioventriculares de segundo grau, grau de ataxia, movimento da cabeça, em nove momentos. E a distância da cabeça ao solo (HHAG) foram avaliadas em três momentos. Sempre que houve necessidade de aumentar a sedação, foi administrado um bolus de detomidina adicional (5µg.kg-1, IV). Todos os tratamentos proporcionaram sedação e relaxamento muscular. Foram observadas diferenças entre os momentos para o relaxamento da língua (língua VAS mm) e isto foi melhor observado em T7 para o tratamento DD e T5 para o tratamento DS e manteve-se significativamente inferior à linha de base durante todo o tempo avaliado. O presente estudo sugere que a detomidina forneceu sedação adequada em cavalos submetidos ao exame odontológico mas não há necessidade de utilizar o diazepam da forma proposta porque não foi encontrada qualquer diferença entre tratamentos para qualquer variável estudada. A adição de diazepam não melhorou a sedação e nem diminuiu o movimento da língua.