The article deals with some issues of the state power restriction, and the necessity of this is justified. The evolution of state power restriction certain criteria and forms are analyzed in accordance with the emergence of relevant ideas and scientific concepts and their chronology: the restriction of power by another power, self-restraint of state power; the restriction of state power by the law and human rights in connection with the contemporary problems of state power restrictions in a state governed by the rule of law.
The paper is devoted to the notion of a spectral section introduced by Melrose and Piazza. In the first part of the paper we generalize results of Melrose and Piazza to arbitrary base spaces, not necessarily compact. The second part contains a number of applications, including cobordism theorems for families of Dirac type operators parametrized by a non-compact base space. In the third part of the paper we investigate whether Riesz continuity is necessary for existence of a spectral section or a generalized spectral section. In particular, we show that if a graph continuous family of regular self-adjoint operators with compact resolvents has a spectral section, then the family is Riesz continuous. III Graph continuous families12 Semibounded operators 13 Spectral sections 14 Generalized spectral sections References We also prove a Z 2 -graded version of this result, see Theorems 6.6 and 7.2. It deals with Cl(1) spectral sections for odd self-adjoint operators and generalizes [MP2, Proposition 2] in the same manner as Theorem 7.1 generalizes [MP1, Proposition 1].Correcting operators of finite rank. Melrose and Piazza showed in [MP1, Lemma 8] that if a self-adjoint family A over a compact base space has a spectral section P, then there is a correcting family C of self-adjoint finite rank operators such that the corrected family A ′ = A + C consists of invertible operators and P is the family of positive spectral projections for A ′ . They also proved a Z 2 -graded analog in [MP2, Lemma 1]. We generalize both these results to arbitrary base spaces in Section 5. Applications.In Part II we present a variety of applications illustrating how the results of Part I can be used. In particular, in Section 10 we generalize the famous Cobordism Theorem for Dirac operators to arbitrary, not necessarily compact, base spaces. We show in Theorem 10.6 that for an arbitrary family of Dirac type operators on a compact manifold with boundary, the family of symmetrized boundary operators has a spectral section. Theorem 10.5 generalizes this result to a wider class of operators.
Purpose: This article presents the authors’ analysis of the problem of determining the subject of a crime as a legal concept, and defining the legal characteristics of a person who has committed a crime by features that are necessary for criminal responsibility (individual, age, and responsibility). Methodology: The present study was based on a dialectic approach to the disclosure of legal phenomena using general scientific and private scientific methods. Considered the Convention on Rights of the Child1989; International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights "in 1966; and UN Standard Minimum Rules for Administration of Juvenile Justice. Result: It is noted that the theory of criminal law and criminal legislation of various legal systems, including Russia, associate criminal responsibility with the age of the subject of the crime. Based on the requirements of criminal law, the subject of a crime may not be any imputed person, but only having reached a certain age. Applications: This research can be used for universities and students in law. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of establishing age limits of criminal responsibility is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
Based on a meaningful analysis of international legal act provisions and criminal legislation of foreign states, the article presents the approaches to the terminological characterization of the concept of "extremism" and its legislative regulation. The conclusion is made about the lack of a united strategy to the definition of the studied theory, which complicates international relations and collaboration in the realm of countering extremist crimes. A comparative analysis of the legislative regulation of extremist crimes in foreign countries allows us to identify common features and trends in the development of legal responsibility for extremism in foreign countries, to establish differences in the legal regulation of this problem, and to develop approaches to the unification of this concept at the level of international legislation.
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