OBJECTIVE To determine the demographic and health factors related to the frailty syndrome in older adults.METHODS This is a longitudinal quantitative study carried out with 262 older adults aged 65 years and older, of both sexes, living at home. Data collection was carried out in Period 1 between October 2007 and February 2008, and in Period 2 between July and December 2013. For data collection, we used the sociodemographic profile instrument, the Edmonton Frail Scale, the Mini-Mental State Examination, the number of falls in the last 12 months, the number of self-reported diseases and used drugs, the Functional Independence Measure, and the Lawton and Brody Scale. We used descriptive statistics for data analysis, in the comparison of the means between periods, the nonparametric Wilcoxon test, and the method of Generalized Estimating Equations, which is considered an extension of the Generalized Linear Models with p ≤ 0.05.RESULTS Of the 515 participants, 262 completed the follow-up, with a predominance of females, older individuals, and those who had no partner; there was an increase in frail older adults. In the Generalized Estimating Equations analysis, frailty score was related to sociodemographic (increase in age, no partner, and low education level) and health variables (more diseases, drugs, falls, and decrease in functional capacity). There was an association between the variables of age (older), marital status (no partner), and loss of functional capacity.CONCLUSIONS Frailty syndrome was associated with increasing age, having no partner, and decreased functional capacity over time, and investments are required to prevent this syndrome and promote quality in aging.

OBJECTIVE: to verify the inter and intra-rater reproducibility of the Brazilian adapted version of the Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS) in an elderly group of residents. METHOD: in order to test the inter-rater reproducibility, two assessments were independently conducted by two researchers on the same day but at different times, in a sample of 103 elderly. Concerning the intra-rater reproducibility, the instrument was administered to 83 elderly (80.6% of the initial sample) by the same researcher in a time gap of 15 days between the two assessments. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: in relation to the inter-rater test, the Kappa was 0.81 (CI 0.61-1.00) and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) corresponded to 0.87 (CI 0.82-0.91, p<0.001). In relation to the intra-rater test, the Kappa was 0.83 (CI 0.72-0.94) and the ICC 0.87 (CI 0.81-1.00, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: the results show that the EFS is reliable and can be used as a tool to improve geriatric nursing care in Brazil.

Objectives: To characterize the sociodemographic profile of the elderly, verify the level of fragility according to gender, functional independence and instrumental activities of daily living, and to correlate the dimensions of the Functional Independence Measure and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living with age, education, frailty and morbidities. Methods: A cross-sectional and observational study using a sample of 240 elderly living in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo (Brazil). The collection period was November/2010 and February/2011. The questionnaires used were: sociodemographic, Edmonton Frail Scale, Functional Independence Measure and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale of Lawton and Brody. For analysis, we used descriptive statistics and the Student's t-test and Pearson's correlation. Results: Mean age was 73.5 years (± 8.4), 57.5% were married, 39.1% had some level of fraility. Among the frail elderly, 29.8% had minimal dependence/supervision, and 81.9% had partial dependence for instrumental activities of daily living. Conclusion:There was a greater dependence in activities for the frail elderly, and females had a higher prevalence of frailty. Keywords: Health of the elderly; Geriatric nursing; Frail elderly resumo Objetivos: Caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico de idosos, verificar os níveis de fragilidade segundo sexo, independência funcional e atividades instrumentais da vida diária e correlacionar as dimensões da Medida da Independência Funcional e Atividades Instrumentais da Vida Diária com idade, escolaridade, fragilidade e morbidades. Métodos: Estudo de natureza observacional e transversal utilizando amostra de 240 idosos que residiam em Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo. O período de coleta foi de novembro/2010 e fevereiro/2011. Os questionários: perfil sociodemográfico, Escala de Fragilidade de Edmonton, Medida da Independência Funcional e Escala de Lawton e Brody foram utilizados. Para análise, foram empregados a estatística descritiva e o teste t-student e Pearson. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 73,5 anos (±8,4), 57,5% eram casados, 39,1% apresentaram algum nível de fragilidade. Entre os idosos frágeis, 29,8% tinham dependência mínima/supervisão, e 81,9% dependência parcial para as atividades instrumentais da vida diária. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se maior dependência para as atividades nos idosos frágeis, sendo o sexo feminino com maior prevalência de fragilidade. Descritores: Saúde do idoso; Enfermagem geriátrica; Idoso fragilizado resumen Objetivos: Caracterizar el perfil sociodemográfico de ancianos, verificar los niveles de fragilidad según sexo, independencia funcional y actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria y correlacionar las dimensiones de la Medida de la Independencia Funcional y Actividades Instrumentales de la Vida Diaria con edad, escolaridad, fragilidad y morbilidades. Métodos: Estudio de naturaleza observacional y transversal realizado con una muestra constituída por 240 ancianos que residían en Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo. El período de recolección de datos ...

Objectives: To assess the burden of caregivers of frail elders living at home; to characterize elderly that are considered frail and their caregivers; to assess the degree of dependency of the elderly according to the level of frailty and to correlate it with the burden of work of their caregivers. Methods: A transversal study with a sample of 60 caregivers and frail elderly who lived at home. Data collection was conducted in the home with frail elders and their caregivers. We used the sociodemographic profile of the elderly and the caregiver instruments, the Edmonton Frail Scale, the Functional Independence Measure for the elderly, and the Zarit Burden Interview Scale for the caregivers. Descriptive statistics and the Pearson test were employed for data analysis. Results: The majority of caregivers were female (75%), married (58.3%) and were children of the elderly (45%). Regarding the burden, 31.7% said they rarely felt burdened. However, a correlation was found between frailty and burden: the higher the level of frailty, the greater the caregiver burden. Conclusion: It was found that the majority of caregivers were female and the greater the degree of functional dependence, the greater the degree of frailty, which elevated the level of caregiver burden. Keywords: Caregivers; Frail elderly; Geriatric nursing ReSumoObjetivos: Avaliar a sobrecarga dos cuidadores de idosos fragilizados que residem no domicílio; caracterizar os idosos que são considerados frágeis e seus cuidadores; avaliar o grau de dependência dos idosos de acordo com o nível de fragilidade e correlacioná-lo com a sobrecarga de trabalho dos seus cuidadores. Métodos: Estudo transversal com amostra de 60 cuidadores e de idosos frágeis, que viviam no domicílio. A coleta de dados realizada no domicílio com idosos frágeis e seus cuidadores. Utilizaram-se os instrumentos de perfil sociodemográfico do idoso e do cuidador, a Escala de Fragilidade de Edmonton, a Medida da Independência Funcional para os idosos e a Escala Zarit Burden Interview, para os cuidadores. Para a análise foram empregados a estatística descritiva e o teste de Pearson. Resultados: A maioria dos cuidadores era do sexo feminino (75%), casados (58,3%) e, 45% eram filhos. Quanto à sobrecarga, 31,7% responderam que raramente se sentiam sobrecarregados. Mas, houve correlação entre a fragilidade e a sobrecarga, ou seja, quanto maior o nível de fragilidade, maior a sobrecarga do cuidador. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se a maioria dos cuidadores do sexo feminino e quanto maior o grau de dependência funcional, maior o grau de fragilidade o que eleva o nível de sobrecarga do cuidador. Descritores: Cuidadores; Idoso fragilizado; Enfermagem geriátrica ReSumeNObjetivos: Evaluar la sobrecarga de los cuidadores de ancianos frágiles que residen en el domicilio; caracterizar a los ancianos que son considerados frágiles y sus cuidadores; evaluar el grado de dependencia de los ancianos de acuerdo con el nivel de fragilidad y correlacionarlo con la sobrecarga de trabajo de sus cuidadores. Métodos: Estu...

RESUMO:Estudo transversal que caracterizou a prevalência da hipertensão arterial referida e identificou os fatores associados. A amostra constou de 1.265 mulheres idosas, residentes no município de São Paulo, que participaram do Projeto Saúde, Bem-estar e Envelhecimento realizado de 2000 a 2001. A hipertensão arterial foi considerada como variável dependente para fins de análise e das possíveis associações. A prevalência da hipertensão arterial foi 55,3% em mulheres com 60 a 74 anos e 60,7% naquelas com 75 anos e mais. No modelo final de regressão múltipla as variáveis que permaneceram como fatores associados à hipertensão arterial referida foram: diabetes (odds ratio=3,43), doença cardíaca (odds ratio=3,32), idade (odds ratio=1,57), número de filhos (odds ratio=1,51), índice de massa corporal (odds ratio=1,04), e estado de saúde (odds ratio=2,00). Conclui-se que a prevalência da hipertensão referida é similar aos dados de outros estudos. ABSTRACT:This cross-sectional study aimed to measure the prevalence of reported hypertension and to identify associated factors. The sample consisted of 1265 elderly women, residents of the city of São Paulo, Brazil, who were interviewed in the Health, Well-being and Aging Project from 2000 to 2001. Hypertension was considered a dependent variable in analyzing possible associated factors. Hypertension prevalence was 55.3% in women from 60 to 74 years old and 60.7% in women 75 years old and more. In the final multiple regression model the variables which remained as associated factors to reported hypertension were: diabetes (odds ratio=3.43), cardiac disease (odds ratio=3.32), age (odds ratio=1.57), number of children (odds ratio=1.51), body mass index (odds ratio=1.04), health conditions (odds ratio=2.00). We conclude that the prevalence of reported hypertension is similar to that seen in other studies. RESUMEN:Este estudio transversal tuvo como objetivo medir la prevalencia de la hipertensión arterial referida e identificar los factores asociados. La muestra consistió de 1.265 mujeres ancianas, residentes en la ciudad de São Paulo, que fueron entrevistadas en el proyecto Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento, realizado en 2000 y 2001. La hipertensión fue considerada como variable dependiente para analizar los posibles factores asociados. La prevalencia de la hipertensión arterial fue 55,3% en mujeres de 60 a 74 años, y de 60,7% en aquellas mujeres con 75 años o más. Al final de la regresión múltiple, las variables que permanecieron en el modelo como factores asociados a la hipertensión referida fueron: diabetes (odds ratio=3,43), enfermedad cardiaca (odds ratio=3,32), edad (odds ratio=1,57), número de hijos (odds ratio=1,51), índice de masa corporal (odds ratio=1,04), y condiciones de salud (odds ratio=2,00). Se concluye que la prevalencia de la hipertensión referida es similar a los datos de otros estudios. P A L A

Esta pesquisa objetivou descrever as características sociodemográficas dos idosos de um município de pequeno porte, identificar a prevalência dos fatores de risco cardiovascular e compará-los entre os sexos e as faixas etárias. Tratou-se de um estudo de prevalência, constituído por 134 idosos. A coleta de dados foi realizada de abril a junho/2009 por meio de entrevista e aferição de dados antropométricos. Para análise utilizou-se frequência simples e teste de qui-quadrado (p<0,05). Entre os idosos, 50% tinham de 60├70 anos, 57,5% sexo feminino e 58,2% casados. Os fatores de risco cardiovascular mais prevalentes foram: circunferência abdominal aumentada (77,6%), hipertensão arterial (67,2%) e sedentarismo (59,7%). O sedentarismo (p=0,012) e a circunferência abdominal aumentada (p<0,001) apresentaram maior proporção entre as mulheres idosas.

Cervical cancer is a common type of cancer among women worldwide and infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPVs) types represents the major risk factor for the etiopathogenesis of the disease. HPV-16 is the most frequently identified HPV type in cervical lesions and expression of E6 and E7 oncoproteins is required for the uncontrolled cellular proliferation. In the present study we report the design and experimental testing of a recombinant multi-epitope protein containing immunogenic epitopes of HPV-16 E6 and E7. Tumor preventive assays, based on the engraftment of TC-1 cells in mice, showed that the E6E7 multi-epitope protein induced a full preventive anti-tumor protection in wild-type mice, as well as in mice deficient in expression of CD4+ T cells and TLR4 receptor. Nonetheless, no anti-tumor protection was observed in mice deficient in CD8+ T cells. Also, the vaccine promoted high activation of E6/E7-specific T cells and in a therapeutic-approach, E6E7 protein conferred full anti-tumor protection in mice. These results show a potential use of this E6E7 multi-epitope antigen as a new and promising antigen for the development of a therapeutic vaccine against tumors induced by HPV.

As mRNA vaccines have proved to be very successful in battling the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, this new modality has attracted widespread interest for the development of potent vaccines against other infectious diseases and cancer. Cervical cancer caused by persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major cause of cancer-related deaths in women, and the development of safe and effective therapeutic strategies is urgently needed. In the present study, we compared the performance of three different mRNA vaccine modalities to target tumors associated with HPV-16 infection in mice. We generated lipid nanoparticle (LNP)–encapsulated self-amplifying mRNA as well as unmodified and nucleoside-modified non-replicating mRNA vaccines encoding a chimeric protein derived from the fusion of the HPV-16 E7 oncoprotein and the herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein D (gDE7). We demonstrated that single low-dose immunizations with any of the three gDE7 mRNA vaccines induced activation of E7-specific CD8 + T cells, generated memory T cell responses capable of preventing tumor relapses, and eradicated subcutaneous tumors at different growth stages. In addition, the gDE7 mRNA-LNP vaccines induced potent tumor protection in two different orthotopic mouse tumor models after administration of a single vaccine dose. Last, comparative studies demonstrated that all three gDE7 mRNA-LNP vaccines proved to be superior to gDE7 DNA and gDE7 recombinant protein vaccines. Collectively, we demonstrated the immunogenicity and therapeutic efficacy of three different mRNA vaccines in extensive comparative experiments. Our data support further evaluation of these mRNA vaccines in clinical trials.