Parental and familial factors influence numerous aspects of adolescents’ lives, including their physical activity level (PAL). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in PAL which occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to evaluate influence of sociodemographic and parental/familial factors on PAL levels before and during pandemic in adolescents from Bosnia and Herzegovina. The sample included 688 adolescents (15–18 years of age; 322 females) who were tested on two occasions: in January 2020 (baseline; before the COVID-19 pandemic) and in April 2020 (follow-up; during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown). Variables included PAL (measured by the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents–PAQ-A) as well as sociodemographic-, parental-, and familial factors. A significant decline in PALs was recorded between baseline and follow-up (t-test: 11.88, p < 0.001). Approximately 50% of adolescents underwent sufficient PAL at baseline, while only 24% of them were achieving sufficient PAL at the time of follow-up measurement. Paternal education was positively correlated (OR (95%CI): baseline: 6.63 (4.58–9.96), follow-up: 3.33 (1.19–7.01)), while familial conflict was negatively correlated (baseline: 0.72 (0.57–0.90), follow-up: 0.77 (0.60–0.99)) with PALs before and during the pandemic. This study highlights the importance of the parent–child relationship and parental/familiar support in promoting physical activity both during regular life and during crises and health challenging situations like the COVID-19 pandemic.

Cavar, M, Marsic, T, Corluka, M, Culjak, Z, Cerkez Zovko, I, Müller, A, Tschakert, G, and Hofmann, P. Effects of 6 weeks of different high-intensity interval and moderate continuous training on aerobic and anaerobic performance. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2018-To provide practical data, we compared the training effects of 3 different programs, using a shuttle run stimulus, on aerobic and anaerobic performance, measured using the 20-m maximal shuttle run (Beep) test and 300-yd shuttle run, respectively. Forty-five physically trained men, with a mean age of 21.1 ± 1.8 years, participated. The 6-week, 12-session training programs included 2 high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols, with either a short (SH) or long (LH) shuttle run interval, and a continuous shuttle run (CON), which was used as a control. The training intensity was based on the maximal shuttle run speed (MASS), measured on the Beep test, to elicit the relevant values of the time to exhaustion (TTE). Short (SH) training was performed at 115-120%(MASS), with a 10-second work to 10-second rest scheme, and the number of repetitions to be completed set to 70% of each participant's maximum (∼15 repetitions). LH training was performed at an intensity of 90-95%(MASS), with the duration set to 70%(TTE) (∼4 minutes). For both SH and LH, 3 sets were completed at each session, with a 2-3 minutes of rest between sets. CON training consisted of continuous shuttle running for 35 minutes at an intensity of 70%(MASS). Both SH and LH yielded a large training effect (p < 0.01), with SH preferentially improving anaerobic performance and LH preferentially improving aerobic performance. No effect of CON training was identified. Our findings indicate that these different training protocols cannot be used interchangeably and that the Beep test is useful in prescribing the intensity and duration of HIIT.

A B S T R A C T This investigation was aimed at gaining relevant knowledge about the attitudes of Podgorica consumers toward advertising through sport among. The sample included 330 students from Faculty of Economics in UvodZaključci pionirskih studija iz navedene oblasti koji su objavljeni od strane Bauer-a i Greiser-a (Popović, 2011) i Lutz-a (Klačar, i Popović, 2010) pokrenuli su ideje koje se odnose na činjenicu da stavovi potrošača prema reklmairanju predstavljaju jedan od značajnih faktora koji mogu ojačati efikasnost reklamnih kampanja, uglavnom zbog razloga da kognitivna sposobnost potrošača prema reklamiranju jeste sadržana u njihovim osjećanjima i mislima (Muratović, Bjelica, & Popović, 2014). Ako se nastavi sa istraživanjem ovog pitanja i ode se mnogo dublje, zanimljivo je da se primjećuje postojanje brojnih studija koje su istraživali stavove potrošača prema reklamiranju, ali većina njih smatra stavove potrošača prema reklamiranju samo uopšteno (Bjelica, i Popović, 2011;Popović, 2011b;Popović, Molnar, i Radovanović, 2011a;Popović, Matić, Milašinović, Jakšić, & Bjelica, 2015a; Popović, Matić, Milašinović, Hadžic, Milošević, i Bjelica, 2015b; Popović, Matić, Milašinović, Vujović, Milošević, i Bjelica, 2015c). U svakom slučaju, neki od njih su zaključili da su stavovi prema reklamiranju pokazali negativan trend tokom 1960-ih i 1970-ih (Popović, Bjelica, Jakšić, & Georgiev, 2013Popović, 2015;Popović, & Milašinović, 2016), dok su drugi pronašli povoljnije stavove ispitanika u istom periodu (Popović, 2011). Ove nedosljednosti su navele na sumnju da reklamne kampanje koje koriste elemente iz specificnih medijuma utiču na stavove potrošača prema reklamiranju u skladu sa tim (Popović, 2011). Neki autori su vjerovali da je jedan od najrelevantnijih medija, upravo sport, odnosno sportisti i njihovi timovi, sportski događaji i sportski objekti (Bjelica i Popović, 2011), uglavnom iz razloga sto ovi elementi mogu da utiču na stavove potrošača i naprave značajne oscilacije kod stavova u poređenju sa ostalim elementima (Bjelica, Popović, Jakšić, Hadžic, & Akpinar, 2014b; Bjelica, i Popović, 2015a;Bjelica, & Popović, 2015b; Bjelica, Gardašević, Vasiljević, & Popović, 2016a; Bjelica, Gardašević, Vasiljević, &Popović, 2016c; Bajramović, Zorić, & Mašanović, 2018; Gardašević, Bajramović, & Mašano-vić, 2018;Zorić, Gardašević, & Bajramović, 2018). Iz tog razloga, mnogi istraživaci priznaju sport kao nezavisnu reklamnu platformu koju poslovni subjekti mogu koristiti kako bi prevazisli negativne stavove potrošača prema reklamiranju. Samim tim se postavilo i pitanje, kako posmatranje sportskih događaja utiče na stavove potrošača prema reklamiranju u sportu kao jedan od niza problema sa kojim se nije susretalo mnogo autora do sada

It is proposed that potential consumers form attitudes based on advertising through sport can influence decisions to purchase a particular advertiser's product. From this reason, it is important to analyse their general attitudes toward advertising through sport among various questions, and this investigation was aimed at gaining relevant knowledge about the attitudes of Mostar consumers toward advertising through sport among. The sample included 228 respondents, divided into six subsample groups: consumers, who do not watch sports events at all, then consumers who watch sports events 1-30 minutes, next 31-60 minutes, 61-90 minutes, 91-120 minutes, as well as consumers who watch sports events more than 120 minutes during the typical day. The sample of variables contained the system of three general attitudes which were modelled by seven-point Likert scale. The results of the measuring were analysed by multivariate analysis (MANOVA) and univariate analysis (ANOVA) and Post Hoc test. Based on the statistical analyses it was found that significant differences occur at multivariate level, as well as between all three variables at a significance level of p=.006. Hence, it is interesting to highlight that it was found there are significant differences showed up between the attitudes of consumers toward advertising through sport among the frequency of watching sports events. These results are so important for the marketers, mostly due to the reason they can't merge all the potential consumers regarding the frequency they watch the sports events. On the other hand, this is the case in previous investigations and this observation presents relevant information.

A B S T R A C TThe aim of this research was to determine the differences among the top football players of the two best Montenegrin club FC Sutjeska-Niksic and FC Budućnost-Podgorica

The aim of this research was to determine the diff erences among the top football players of the two clubs in Bosnia and Herzegovina, HSC Zrinjski Mostar and FC Siroki Brijeg in the morphological characteristics and body composition. A sample of 50 subjects was divided into two sub-samples. The fi rst sub-sample of the subjects consisted of 28 players of HSC Zrinjski Mostar of the average age 24.36±4.14, the champions of the Bosnia and Herzegovina in the season 2016/17, while the other sub-sample consisted of 22 players of FC Siroki Brijeg of the average age of 24.00±6.22, the champions of the Cup of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the season 2016/17. Football players were tested immediately after the end of the competition season 2016/17. Morphological characteristics in the body composition were evaluated by a battery of 11 variables: body height, body weight, body mass index, fat percentage, muscle mass, bone mass, waist size, triceps skinfold, biceps skinfold, back skinfold and abdominal skinfold. The standard central and dispersion parameters of all variables were calculated. The signifi cance of the diff erences between the players of the top two football clubs in the morphological characteristics and variables for assessing body composition was determined by a t-test for independent samples. It was found that the football players of the two mentioned clubs have statistically signifi cant diff erences by the three variables that estimate the bone mass, waist circumference and triceps skinfold, in favor of FC Siroki Brijeg.

The main aim of the research was to identify a level of quantitative changes of the endurance with U16 football players under the infl uence of the programmed football training of a six weeks preparation period. The training programme covered forty-four training units. The research was made on a sample of 120 football players U16. To estimate the endurance three tests have been used: Cooper test, Running 15 m long distance for 90 s, and Pin running persistence. In the area of comparative statistics, we used discriminant parametric procedure t-test for big paired samples. It can be concluded that there are statistically signifi cant diff erences in all three variables to estimate the endurance. This confi rmed the hypothesis that the expected signifi cant positive quantitative changes of endurance infl uenced by the proposed model of training in preparation period with football players U16. The authors were guided by the fact that this kind of training program in preparation period is very eff ective in terms of raising the endurance level with football players U16. The obtained results can be directed towards innovation plans and programs in the preparation period, and the adaptation of the same needs of the respective population.

Advertising is an attractive promotional tool for marketers who can use it to strengthen communication with consumers and persuade them to purchasing certain product or service. Hence, there is necessity to analyse their general attitudes among various questions, while this research was aimed at gaining relevant knowledge about the attitudes of Mostar consumers toward advertising through sport among the question how often they participate in sports activities. The sample included 228 respondents, divided into six subsample groups: consumers who do not participate in sport activities at all, then consumers who participate in sport activities less than ones a month, next 1-4 a month, 5-10 a month, 11-20 a month, as well as consumers participate in sport activities more than 20 times a month. The sample of variables contained the system of three general attitudes which were modelled by seven-point Likert scale. The results of the measuring were analysed by multivariate analysis (MANOVA) and univariate analysis (ANOVA) and Post Hoc test. Based on the statistical analyses it was found that significant differences occur at multivariate level, as well as between all three variables at a significance level of p=.000. Hence, it is interesting to highlight that it was found there are significant differences showed up between the consumers who participate in various sports activities. These results are so important for the marketers, mostly due to the reason they can't merge all the potential consumers who participate in various sports activities into one homogeneous group. This isthe case in previous investigations and this observation presents relevant information.