Optical imaging, including infrared imaging, generally has many important applications, both civilian and military. In recent years, technological advances have made multi- and hyperspectral imaging a viable technology in many demanding military application areas. The aim of the CEPA JP 8.10 program has been to evaluate the potential benefit of spectral imaging techniques in tactical military applications. This unclassified executive summary describes the activities in the program and outlines some of the results. More specific results are given in classified reports and presentations. The JP 8.10 program started in March 2002 and ended in February 2005. The participating nations were France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and United-Kingdom, each with a contribution of 2 man-years per year. Essential objectives of the program were to: 1) analyze the available spectral information in the optronic landscape from visible to infrared; 2) analyze the operational utility of multi- and hyperspectral imaging for detection, recognition and identification of targets, including low-signature targets; 3) identify applications where spectral imaging can provide a strong gain in performance; 4) propose technical recommendations of future spectral imaging systems and critical components. Finally, a stated objective of the JP 8.10 program is to "ensure the proper link with the image processing community". The presentation is organized as follows. In a first step, the two trials (Pirrene and Kvarn) are presented including a summary of the acquired optical properties of the different landscape materials and of the spectral images. Then, a phenomenology study is conducted analyzing the spectral behavior of the optical properties, understanding the signal at the sensor and, by processing spectroradiometric measurements evaluating the potential to discriminate spectral signatures. Cameo-Sim simulation software is presented including first validation results and the generation of spectral synthetic images. Results obtained on measured and synthetic images are shown and discussed with reference to two main classes of image processing tasks: anomaly detection and signature based target detection. Furthermore, preliminary works on band selection are also presented which aim to optimize the spectral configuration of an image sensor. Finally, the main conclusions of the WEAG program CEPA JP8.10 are give
Synthetic imagery is now used by a variety of military applications. In our application, we are using synthetic imagery to study the effectiveness of different camouflage techniques. The requirement is to be able to display high fidelity imagery of target vehicles against different backgrounds in different wavebands. For a complete assessment of camouflage the system should be able to account for the effect of target motion, interactions between the target and its environment and effects such as hot sources, e.g. engines. CAMEO-SIM has been developed to meet these requirements. It can generate physically accurate radiance images in any EO waveband between 0.4 and 14 microns. Sensor effects are added as a post-process.The system is capable of modelling highly cluttered terrain scenes and delivers radiance values at each pixel. Recent extensions to CAMEO-SIM include true-colour visible band imagery and simple multispectral image display for simulation of hyperspectral imagery. Visible band images are displayed on a calibrated monitor for assessment experiments using observers. Radiometric data are used by other models.A range of verification tests has shown that the software computes the correct values for analytically tractable scenarios. Validation tests using simple scenes have also been undertaken. More complex validation tests using observer trials are planned. This paper will describe the current version of CAMEO-SIM and how images it produces are used for camouflage assessment. The verification and validation tests undertaken will be discussed. In addition, example images will be used to demonstrate the significance of different effects such as spectral rendering and shadows. Planned developments of CAMEO-SIM will also be outlined.
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