Article HistoryThe researchers conducted this study to investigate and assess how well the current organization culture in selected travel agencies in the Sultanate of Oman generates employee works. More specifically it aimed to find out which aspects of the organization culture functions well, and which aspects could be further developed and improved towards a strong organization culture. The empirical part of the thesis was conducted by using a quantitative research method. The data was gathered with the help of questionnaires and interviews. The research results revealed how selected travel agencies in the Sultanate of Oman can develop their organization culture by including the employees in the decision making process. The research supports the assumption that a well-developed and functional organization culture can increase employee motivation and satisfaction. For improving the organization culture, the researchers suggested that the employees should be included in the decision making processes and development. And also suggestion of objectives should be based on common goals of organization culture and motivation of employees with rewards systems that will help the organization encourage the employees to enhance their performance.Contribution/ Originality: This study contributes in the existing literature in the field of business. It supports the idea that strong culture increase employee motivation thus, increasing productivity. The scientific documentation which leads to the output of this study serves as guide not only among the travel agencies but also to different organizations.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and current treatment status of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in Taiwan.Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted using claim data collected from the Bureau of National Health Insurance (BNHI) of Taiwan from 2003 to 2007. ITP patients were identified using the ICD-9 code, 287.3 (primary thrombocytopenia), with two diagnoses separated by at least 14 days for diagnostic specificity. In addition, sensitivity analysis was based on 28 (ITP-28) and 84 (ITP-84) days.Results: ITP prevalence ranged from 10.35 to 11.02 (per 100,000 individuals) with an annual number of 2,300 to 2,500 patients, and sensitivity analyses using ITP-28 and ITP-84 criteria showed that the prevalence were "9.52 to 10.35" and "6.87 to 8.14" in 5,445 ITP patients, respectively. The median age of ITP-14 patients was 46.5 years. In children, the female-to-male ratio was nearly equal (0.93), whereas in adults, it was 1.91. About 3.9% received splenectomy, of which 64.3% were responsive to splenectomy. Further, 92.6% were responsive to steroids. The average costs per visit were US$ 36 and US$ 1,700 for outpatients and inpatients, respectively. For steroid-responsive patients, the mean costs for clinic visits and hospitalization were US$ 35 and US$ 1,415, respectively. In contrast, the medical expense for steroid-refractory patients was approximately one and a half times the costs for responsive patients (inpatient: US$ 54; outpatient: US$ 2,349). For splenectomy-responsive inpatients, the average expenses prior to, at, and after splenectomy were US$ 1,877, 5,476, and 2,061, respectively. For splenectomy-refractory inpatients, the costs were comparable to those of responsive patients (P> 0.05). On the contrary, there were significant differences between the expenditure for splenectomy-responsive and -refractory outpatients. Among ITP patients in Taiwan, 7.4% and 6.4% had hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, respectively, and 1.5% had both HBV and HCV infections. Patients with HBV were significantly high in the splenectomy group (splenectomy vs. non-splenectomy 11.7% vs. 7.2%, P = 0.01), and those who were more responsive to splenectomy had a low HCV infection rate, i.e., 14.5% had HCV infection in splenectomy-refractory group vs. 4.38% in splenectomy-responsive group (P = 0.02). Conclusions:The epidemiology of ITP in Taiwan, including the age and sex, was comparable with that in western countries, except with lower incidence of splenectomy in our patients. The status of HBV and HCV infection in splenectomized patients should be closely monitored. The medical expenditure in Taiwan was much lower than that in western countries. We suggest that novel agents or more aggressive treatment strategies should be further explored or considered in Taiwan.
As the world of business and industry advances toward interdisciplinary in the management of information and the utilization of the output of research and development, there is an increasing recognition of the importance of coordination in the promotion of quality in modern firms. The necessity of coordination has been brought about by the entry of massive data and information that have been generated by the various units of many business and industrial corporations.This study aimed to determine the extent to which knowledge management was used as a means toward the attainment of quality and the effects of knowledge management on the quality assurance views of a selected industrial petroleum industries in the Middle East and North African (MENA) Region in order to propose recommendations for enhancement. The researchers based this study on the theory advanced by Koenig (2012) who defined knowledge management as a discipline which promotes and integrated approach to the identification, retention, evaluation, retrieval, and sharing of all of the information assets of an enterprise. This research used assets such as data bases, documents, policies, procedures, and previous expertise and experiences of individual workers. The descriptive-survey method through the use of questionnaire as the instrument of data collection was used in this study. The descriptive study was used because the researchers intended to conduct a study of the actual situation in connection with knowledge management in the promotion of quality of operations in an industrial corporation. The extent to which knowledge management is used as a tool toward the attainment of quality in the selected industrial corporations in the MENA Region is of interest to the researchers. For this reason, this study was conducted.
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