Introdução: Anacardium occidentale, conhecida popularmente como cajueiro, é uma planta nativa do Brasil e tem sido amplamente utilizada pela população devido suas propriedades medicinais. Objetivo: Realizar uma pesquisa bibliográfica para se evidenciar o perfil de utilização de A. occidentale como planta medicinal e correlacionar essas informações com pesquisas experimentais que evidenciem os potenciais biológicos desse vegetal. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura do tipo narrativa. A busca de artigos ocorreu nas bases de dados Lilacs, Scielo e Periódicos Capes, por meio dos termos: 1) Anacardium occidentale; 2) Cajueiro e 3) Atividades Biológicas, utilizando-se os operadores booleanos “AND” e “OR”. Resultados: De 40 estudos analisados, 17 foram utilizados para compor os resultados. Evidenciou-se, o uso do cajueiro por diferentes populações para o tratamento de inflamações, acidente cerebrovascular, ferimentos, diarreia, infecções, cefaleia, odontalgia, ressaca, como adstringente, anticoagulante, antigripal, antitérmico e cicatrizante. Dentre essas indicações, destacam-se anti-inflamatória, cicatrizante, antidiarreica, antigripal e antimicrobiana, devido a existência de estudos experimentais comprovando esses diferentes potenciais biológicos. Extratos de frutos, folhas e caule, demostram potencial anti-inflamatório. O extrato de cascas apresenta potencial cicatrizante, devido a presença de compostos fenólicos, que parecem favorecer a reconstrução tecidual, por seus efeitos cicatrizante, antibacteriano e por exercer influência sobre mediadores envolvidos na inflamação. Com relação ao potencial antidiarreico, estudos com extrato de cascas de caule e com goma de A. occidentale demonstraram redução do trânsito gastrintestinal, aumento da reabsorção de água e eletrólitos e retardo do início da diarreia. Ademais, foram obtidas quantidades elevadas de flavonoides e moderada de alcaloides e taninos. Quanto à atividade antigripal, observou-se uma promissora atividade anti-influenza, mediante a capacidade de inibir a enzima neuraminidase e inibir a replicação viral em camundongos. A atividade antimicrobiana, foi verificada em bactérias Gram-positivas e negativas e fungos, sendo associada à presença de alcaloides e taninos. Conclusão: Assim, compreende-se que o cajueiro apresenta uma gama de indicações terapêuticas no uso popular, entre as quais se destaca o seu potencial nos processos anti-inflamatórios, cicatriciais, antidiarreicos, antigripais e antimicrobianos, contudo cabe ressaltar que são necessárias mais pesquisas que esclareçam melhor os possíveis mecanismos envolvidos.
Introduction: Nitrates and nitrites can be found in meat and dairy products, vege-tables, and fruits. The consumption of these preservatives has been associated with the emergence of gastric, colorectal cancer and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, although studies are still inconclusive. Methodology: It is a review of literature of the narra-tive type, in which there was a recovery of articles published in English and Portu-guese, in the databases SciELO, Lilacs, Science Direct and Capes journals. Articles related to nitrates and nitrites in foods were included, as well as articles that correlated the consumption of these preservatives with the appearance of cancers, regard-less of the year of publication, although articles published between the years 2009 to 2019 were prioritized. Results: Nitrates and nitrites are generally associated with industrialized food products; therefore, it is possible to observe the presence of these salts in a wide variety of foods. The excessive consumption of nitrates and nitrites, whether through water or food, has been associated with a great diversity of diseases, stimulating the development of several studies investigating, including, the correla-tion between the consumption of these preservatives and the appearance of cancers. Conclusion: it is observed that nitrates and nitrites form compounds with a carcino-genic potential, making them interesting to avoid excessive consumption of these preservatives.
Botulism presents as a bacterial infection, neuroparalytic and non-contagious infection caused by toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum, called botulinum toxins. However, even though this disease has a high lethality, there is a great lack of epidemiological studies on this topic in Brazil. Based on that, this research aimed to trace the epidemiological profile of botulism in Brazil between the years 2008 to 2018. It is an epidemiological, retrospective, analytical and documentary study, in which data were collected from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System. Between 2008 and 2018, 69 cases of botulism confirmed in Brazil were evidenced, with the state of São Paulo having the highest number of notifications (30.5%). The profile of those affected was mostly male (58%), low education (26%), 20 to 39 years old (47.8%), white ethnicity (59.4%), residents of the urban area ( 85.5%), contracted botulism, mainly food-type (94.2%), with the presence of AB toxins (15.9%) and clinical cure outcome (68.1%). Thus, the data present in this research can contribute to the development of indicators and public policies related to botulism.
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