<p class="ECS-Texto"><span>O <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> é um coco Gram-positivo encontrado em pele e mucosas de seres humanos. Em alimentos, pode produzir toxinas termo-estáveis capazes de causar intoxicação estafilocócica. O presente estudo teve como objetivo fazer uma revisão bibliográfica acerca da contaminação de alimentos pela bactéria <em>S. aureus,</em> ressaltando fatores que propiciam o seu desenvolvimento em alimentos e riscos atrelados a essa contaminação. Houve a consulta das bases de dados <em>Medline</em>/<em>Pubmed</em>, Lilacs e Scielo, utilizando-se artigos publicados entre os anos de 2000 à 2017. O <em>S. aureus</em> tem a capacidade de se multiplicar em diversos alimentos, se comparado a outros microrganismos, em decorrência de sua presença na microbiota normal, o que facilita a dispersão em alimentos pelos manipuladores, e por apresentar características oportunas de desenvolvimento, como aw= 0,86 e pH= 4,0, indicando grande capacidade de adaptação aos mais diversos alimentos. Este desenvolvimento pode propiciar a produção das enterotoxinas estafilocócicas que causam a intoxicação estafilocócica a partir da ingestão mínima de 100 ng, raramente leva a morte, contudo exige especial cuidado em crianças, idosos e pacientes imunocomprometidos. </span><span>Mais estudos acerca do desenvolvimento de <em>S. aureus</em> nos alimentos são necessários, uma vez que, podem propiciar o surgimento de novas estratégias de armazenamento e processamento específicas de acordo com as particularidades de cada alimento.</span></p>
Introdução: A isotretinoína é um fármaco amplamente utilizado e efetivo para o tratamento de acne. Porém, é necessário avaliar minuciosamente a relação de risco x benefício em seu uso, uma vez que, mulheres em idade reprodutiva podem sofrer com abortos ou embriopatias e os seus efeitos adversos podem atingir diversos sistemas corporais. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura acerca dos riscos inerentes ao uso de isotretinoína por mulheres em idade fértil, ressaltando as possíveis reações adversas atreladas a esta terapia medicamentosa. Materiais e métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica do tipo integrativa em que houve a utilização de artigos, livros, dissertações e teses publicados entre os anos de 2008 a 2018. Resultados: De 165 estudos recuperados, somente 11 artigos foram utilizados para a construção dos resultados. Em 100% das pesquisas observou-se que havia mulheres em idade reprodutiva estando, portanto, susceptíveis a desenvolver embriopatias ou aborto. Como principais efeitos adversos, implicações relacionadas aos sistemas cardiovascular (18,2%), hepático (27,3%) e alterações no lipidograma (36,4%) foram observadas, ocasionando em possível necessidade do monitoramento dessas pacientes. Conclusão: O perfil de usuárias de isotretinoína foi de mulheres em idade reprodutiva. Em relação aos efeitos adversos, torna-se imprescindível o desenvolvimento de estudos a longo prazo para se elucidar se este fármaco pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardíacas, hepáticas e dislipidemias.Descritores: Farmacologia; Preparações Farmacêuticas; Saúde da Mulher.ReferênciasMahto A. Acne vulgaris. Medicine. 2017;45(6):386-89.Saint-Jean M, Dreno B. Acné. EMC Dermatología. 2016,50(4):1-14.Tan AU, Schlosser BJ, Paller AS. A review of diagnosis and treatment of acne in adult female patients. Int J Womens Dermatol. 2017;4(2):56-71.Mahmood NF, Shipmam AR. The age-old problem of acne. Int J Womens Dermatol. 2016;3(2):71-6.Le Moigne M, Saint-Jean M, Dreno B. Acné. EMC Tratado de Medicina. 2017;21(3):1-8.Berbis P. Acitrétine. Ann Derm Ven. 2001; 128(6-7):737-45.Silva Júnior ED, Sette IMF, Belém LF, Jenebro DI, Pereira GJS, Barbosa JAA et al. Isotretinoína no tratamento da acne: riscos x benefícios. Rev Bras Farm. 2009;90(3):186-89.Rodrigues EP, Gontijo EEL, Silva MG. Perfil dos pacientes com acne tratados com isotretinoína atendidos na clínica de dermatologia e laser o período de 2009 e 2012, na cidade de Gurupi, Tocantins. Rev ITPAC. 2014;7(3).Alan S, Ünal B, Yildirim A. Premature ventricular contractions associated with isotertinoin use. An Bras Dermatol. 2016;91(6):820-21.Borges MB, Ribeiro RKB, Costa FPP, Cavalcante JC. Avaliação laboratorial do perfil lipídico e testes de lesão hepatocelular em pacientes com acne vulgar sob uso de isotretinoína oral. Rev Soc Bras Clin Méd. 2011;9(6):397-402.Bravo BSF, Azulay DR, Luiz RR, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA, Cuzzi T, Azulay MM. Oral isotretinoin in photoaging: objective histological evidence of efficacy and durability. An Bras Dermatol. 2015;90(4):478-86.Brito MFM, Sant’Anna IP, Galindo JCS, Rosendo LHPM, Santos JB. Avaliação dos efeitos adversos clínicos e alterações laboratoriais em pacientes com acne vulgar tratados com isotretinoína oral. An Bras Dermatol. 2010;85(3):331-37.Coghi S, Neves MC. Hidratação nasal e tratamento da pele. RBM. 2011;68(3,suppl):15-21.Cunha Filho RR, Almeida Júnior HL, Breuning JA. Angiodema duo to oral acitretin and isotretinoin. An Bras Dermatol. 2011;86(4 suppl 1):28-30.Kartal D, Yarsar M, Kartal L, Özcan I, Borlu M. Effects of isotretinoin on the olfactory function in patients with acne. An Bras Dermatol. 2017;92(2):191-95.Picosse FR, Bonatto DC, Hassun KM, Talarico Filho S, Azulay DR, Bagatin E. Treatment of moderate to severe acne vulgaris with an orol isotretinoin similar to the reference product. Surg Cosmet Dermatol. 2016,8(2):121-27.Rojas PG, Lopez RG, Chehade AC, Scavino Y, Morales A, Tagle M. Hepatitis autoinmune inducida por isotretionina. Rev gastroenterol Peru. 2016;36(1):86-9.Schmitt JV, Tavares M, Cerci FB. Mulheres adultas com acne apresentam maior risco de elevação de triglicerídeos ao uso de isotretinoína oral. An Bras Dermatol. 2011;86(4):807-10. Vieira AS, Beijamini V, Melchiors AC. The effect of isotretinoin on triglycerides and liver aminotransferases. An Bras Dermatol. 2012;87(3):382-87.Brasil. Ministério da saúde. Protocolo clínico e diretrizes terapêuticas – Acne grave. 2010. Disponível em:< http://conitec.gov.br/images/pdf/2014/abril/02/pcdt-acne-livro-2010.pdf>. Acesso em: 4 jul. 2018.Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Planejamento Familiar. 2011. Disponível em:< http://www.brasil.gov.br/editoria/saude/2011/09/planejamento-familiar>. Acesso em: 30 mai. 2018.Cammarta-Scalisi F, Nieves D, Avendaño A, Lacruz-Rengel MA, Alviárez K, Dávila F et al. Embriopatía por isotretinoína. Una entidad que puede evitarse. Arch Argent Pediatr. 2018;116(2):e303-7.Lima GHS, Jubé MRR, Feres CC, Watanabe LE, Souza AMC. Embriopatia de ácido retinóico: relato de dois casos associados ao uso da istretinoína. Acta Fisiatr. 2008;15(1):59-62.Cajueiro ES, Lima LBR, Partata AK. Isotretinoína e suas propriedades farmacológicas. Rev ITPAC. 2014;7(1).Xavier HT, Izar MC, Faria Neto JR, Assad MH, Rocha VZ, Sposito AC et al. V diretriz brasileira de dislipidemias e prevenção da aterosclerose. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2013;101(4):1-20.Francisco AR, Gonçalves I, Veiga F, Pedro MM, Pinto FJ, Brito D. Hipertrigliceridemia: há um papel para a aferese profilática? Relato de caso. Braz J Nephrol (J Bras Nefrol). 2016;38(3):366-69.Mendes VS, Costa FO, Oliveira PAD, Oliveira AMSD. Efeitos do uso de isotretinoín ae acitretina nos tecidos bucais – revisão de literatura. Arq bras odontol. 2016;12(1):1-8.Pina M, Canto GS. Atenção farmacêutica em dermatologia: fármacos e antiacneicos. Saúde (Santa Maria). 2010;36(2):39-54.Medeiros RC, Dantas VCR, Barbosa MFPP, Figueiredo IFQ, Silva SAM. Avaliação laboratorial de pacientes que fazem uso de isotretinoína oral para o tratamento da acne grave. Rev bras anal clin. 2014;46(1-4):54-58.Pachajoa H, Ordoñez A. Embriopatía por isotretinoína con microtia-anotia y cardiopatía. Presentación de un caso. Arch argent pediatr. 2012;110(3):e47-9.Silva LN, Alves LR, Barbosa TS, Santos TSB, Gomes MN, Fernandes CKC. Acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico do uso da isotretinoina. Rev Fac Montes Belos (FMB). 2014;7(1):121-35.Silva NF. Atenção farmacêutica em gestantes [trabalho de conclusão de curso]. Araraquara: Graduação em Farmácia pela Universidade Estadual Paulista; 2013.
Introduction: Nitrates and nitrites can be found in meat and dairy products, vege-tables, and fruits. The consumption of these preservatives has been associated with the emergence of gastric, colorectal cancer and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, although studies are still inconclusive. Methodology: It is a review of literature of the narra-tive type, in which there was a recovery of articles published in English and Portu-guese, in the databases SciELO, Lilacs, Science Direct and Capes journals. Articles related to nitrates and nitrites in foods were included, as well as articles that correlated the consumption of these preservatives with the appearance of cancers, regard-less of the year of publication, although articles published between the years 2009 to 2019 were prioritized. Results: Nitrates and nitrites are generally associated with industrialized food products; therefore, it is possible to observe the presence of these salts in a wide variety of foods. The excessive consumption of nitrates and nitrites, whether through water or food, has been associated with a great diversity of diseases, stimulating the development of several studies investigating, including, the correla-tion between the consumption of these preservatives and the appearance of cancers. Conclusion: it is observed that nitrates and nitrites form compounds with a carcino-genic potential, making them interesting to avoid excessive consumption of these preservatives.
The objective of this work was to carry out a bibliographic review highlighting the social importance of the pharmaceutical professional in welcoming and guiding people living with HIV / AIDS (PLHIV). This is a narrative-type bibliographic review, which included articles, monographs, dissertations and theses published during the years 2007 to 2020. It is possible to verify that the reception provides a closer contact between pharmacists and PLHIV. In this way, it can directly contribute to improvements in terms of adherence and effectiveness of pharmacotherapy, observed from the decrease in viral load, hospitalizations, medical care and exams. In addition, there is a reduction in complications inherent to HIV, such as the incidence of opportunistic diseases that can lead those affected to hospitalizations and death. Thus, the pharmacist who receives and advises patients with HIV has proved to be a key part in adhering to treatment, improving health and reducing costs for the Sistema Único de Saúde.
Botulism presents as a bacterial infection, neuroparalytic and non-contagious infection caused by toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum, called botulinum toxins. However, even though this disease has a high lethality, there is a great lack of epidemiological studies on this topic in Brazil. Based on that, this research aimed to trace the epidemiological profile of botulism in Brazil between the years 2008 to 2018. It is an epidemiological, retrospective, analytical and documentary study, in which data were collected from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System. Between 2008 and 2018, 69 cases of botulism confirmed in Brazil were evidenced, with the state of São Paulo having the highest number of notifications (30.5%). The profile of those affected was mostly male (58%), low education (26%), 20 to 39 years old (47.8%), white ethnicity (59.4%), residents of the urban area ( 85.5%), contracted botulism, mainly food-type (94.2%), with the presence of AB toxins (15.9%) and clinical cure outcome (68.1%). Thus, the data present in this research can contribute to the development of indicators and public policies related to botulism.
Ethylene oxide gas is highly toxic, highly flammable and explosive. It is also carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and neurotoxic. However, it is an excellent sterilant especially when applied to thermally sensitive medical and hospital materials. The present study aimed to carry out a literature review on ethylene oxide emphasizing its general characteristics, toxicity and comparison with other methods of sterilization. This is a narrative review, in which the retrieval of studies occurred in the databases Lilacs, Scielo, PubMed, Science Direct, Periódicos Capes and Theses Banks and dissertations of the public universities. A total of 126 studies were retrieved, and only 43 were used for the construction of this work. Ethylene oxide is characterized as an excellent physicochemical method, easy to diffuse and efficient against all microorganisms, provided it is correctly used. Compared with other sterilization methods such as autoclaving, PPH and VBTF, ethylene oxide proved to be more efficient, depending on the type of material submitted to the sterilization process. However, due to its capacity to contribute to the development of cancer, mainly the lymphohematopoietic system, its disuse and displeasure by health professionals, health services and companies has become frequent.
Introduction: Bacteria of the genus Salmonella are important pathogens involved in the contamination of various foods, such as chickens, and may cause food poisoning. Aim: The present study aimed to review the literature on the prevalence of chickens contaminated with Salmonella spp., which are commercializated in different Brazilian states. Material and methods: This was a literary review. The absolute frequency and the total percentage of contaminated samples was calculated and the Qui-square statistical test was applied, considering statistically significant p <0.05. Results: 616 publications were retrieved, but only 10 articles were included to compose the results. The cataloged studies were carried out in 14 different brazilian states, and it was observed that of 5,030 chicken samples analyzed, the mean prevalence of samples contaminated with Salmonellawas 7,3% (n= 365). In addition, the prevalence of samples in the different studies ranged from 2.5% to 44.6%. The most prevalent serotype was S. Enteritidis (28,7%) and a statistically significant association between the type of raw material for commercialization and the result of the chicken samples microbiological analysis was observed (p<0.001), where the carcasses represented 90.1% of the contaminated samples. Conclusion: Thus, the data presented in this study can serve as subsidy for the development of necessary, political or legislative, measures that allow a better control of commercialized chickens in Brazil.Descriptors: Salmonella; Foodborne Diseases; Epidemiology.ReferencesSouza GC, Gonsalves HRO, Gonsalves HEO, Coêlho JLS. Característica microbiológica da carne de frango. ACSA. 2014;10(1):12-17.Pinto LAM, Pinto MM, Bovo J, Mateus GAP, Tavres FO, Baptista ATA, et al. Aspectos ambientais do abate de aves: uma revisão. Rev Uningá. 2018;22(3):44-50.Oliveira ME, Oliveira RLZ, Souza MFLZ, Harada ES, Tech ARB. Desenvolvimento de sensores para monitoramento de ambiente aviário com ênfase em controle térmico. Int J Agric & Biol Eng. 2018;12(3):234-40.Cintra APR, Andrade MCG, Lazarini MM, Assis DCS, Silva GR, Menezes LDM, et al. Influence of cutting room temperature on the microbiological quality of chicken breast meat. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootc. 2016;68(3):814-20.Rückert DAS, Pinto PSA, Santos BM, Moreira MAS, Rodrigues ACA. Pontos críticos de controle de Salmonella spp. no abate de frangos. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec. 2009;61(2):326-30.Oliveira AP, Sola MC, Feistel JC, Moreira NM, Oliveira JJ. 2013. Salmonella enterica: genes de virulência e ilhas de patogenicidade. Enciclopedia Biosfera. 2013;9(16):1947-72.Brasil. Ministério da Saúde [homepage na internet]. Surtos de doenças transmitidas por alimentos no Brasil [acesso em 15 jul 2018]. Disponível em: http://portalarquivos2.saude.gov.br/images/pdf/2018/julho/02/Apresentacao-Surtos-DTA-Junho-2018.pdf.Borsoi A, Moraes HLS, Salle CTP, Nascimento VP. Número mais provável de Salmonella isoladas de carcaças de frango resfriadas. Ciênc Rural. 2010;40(11):2338-42.Cardoso KF, Rall VLM, Mendes AA, Paz ICLA, Komiyama CM. Pesquisa de salmonella e coliformes termotolerantes em cortes de frango obtidos no comércio de Botucatu/SP. Hig Aliment. 2009;23(176/179):165-68.Cunha-Neto AD, Carvalho LA, Carvalho RCT, Dos Prazeres Rodrigues D, Mano SB, Figueiredo EES, Conte-Junior CA. Salmonella isolated from chicken carcasses from a slaughterhouse in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil: antibiotic resistance profile, serotyping, and characterization by repetitive sequence-based PCR system. Poult Sci. 2018;97(4):1373-81. Duarte DAM, Ribeiro AR, Vasconcelos AMM, Santos SB, Silva JVD, Andrade PLA, et al. Occurrence of Salmonella spp. in broiler chicken carcasses and their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Braz J Microbiol. 2009;40(3):569-73.Medeiros MA, Oliveira DC, Rodrigues DP, Freitas DR. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in chicken carcasses at retail in 15 Brazilian cities. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2011;30(6):555-60.Menezes LDM, Lima AL, Pena EC, Silva GR, Klein RWT, Silva CA, et al. Caracterização microbiológica de carcaças de frangos de corte produzidas no estado de Minas Gerais. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec. 2018;70(2):623-27.Moreira GN, Rezende CSM, Carvalho RN, Mesquita SQP, Oliveira AN, Arruda MLT. Ocorrência de Salmonella sp. em carcaças de frangos abatidose comercializados em municípios do estado de Goiás. Rev Inst Adolfo Lutz. 2008;67(2):126-30.Possebon FS, Costa LFZP, Yamatogi RS, Rodrigues MV, Sudano MJ, Pinto JPAN. A refrigeração no diagnóstico de Salmonella spp. utilizando o método microbiológico tradicional e reação em cadeia da polimerase em carcaças de frango. Ciênc Rural. 2012;42(1):131-35.Tessari ENC, Cardoso ALSP, Kanashiro AMI, Stoppa GFZ, Luciano RL, Castro AGM. Ocorrência de Salmonella spp. em carcaças de frangos industrialmente processadas procedentes de explorações industriais do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Cienc Rural, 2008; 38(9):2557-60.Yamatogi RS, Galvão JA, Baldini ED, Souza Júnior LCT, Rodrigues MV, Pinto JPAN. Avaliação da unidade analítica na detecção de Salmonella spp. em frangos a varejo. Rev Inst Adolfo Lutz. 2011;70(4):637-40.Sharma J, Kumar D, Hussain S, Pathak A, Shukla M, Kumar VP, et al. Prevalence, antimicrobial resistence and virulence genes characterization of montyphoidal Salmonella isolated from retail chicken meat shops in Northern India. Food Control. 2019;102:104-11.Harb A, Babib I, Mezal EH, Kareem HS, Laird T, O’dea M, et al. Ocurrence, antimicrobial resistence and whole-genome sequencing analysis of Salmonella isolates from chicken carcasses imported into Iraq from four different countries. Int J Food Microbiol. 2018;284:84-90.Zwe YH, Yentang VC, Aung KT, Gutiérrez RA, Ng LC, Yuk HG. Prevalence, sequence types, antibiotic resistance and, gyrA mutations of Salmonella isolated from retail fresh chicken meat in Singapore. Food Control. 2018;90:233-40.Goni AM, Effarizah ME, Rusul G. Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, resistance genes and class 1 integrons of Salmonella serovars in leafy vegetables, chicken carcasses and related processing environments in Malaysian fresh food markets. Food Control. 2018;91:170-80.Zhu J, Wang Y, Song X, Cui S, Xu H, Yang B, et al. Prevalence and quantification of Salmonella contamination in raw chicken carcasses at the retail in China. Food Control. 2014;44:198-202.Kramarenko T, Nurmoja I, Karssin A, Meremae K., Horman A, Roasto M. The prevalence and serovar diversity of Salmonella in various food products in Estonia. Food Control. 2014;42:43-7.Smadi H, Sargeant JM, Shannon HS, Raina P. Growth and inactivation of Salmonella at low refrigerated storage temperatures and thermal inactivation on raw chicken meat and laboratory media: Mixed effect meta-analysis. Journal of Epidemiology and global Health. 2012;2(4):165-79.Cardoso ALSP, Tessari ENC. Salmonella enteritidis em aves e na saúde pública: revisão da literatura. R cient eletr Med Vet. 2013;11(21).Realpe-Delgado ME, Muñoz-Delgado AB, Donado-Godoy P, Rey-Ramírez LM, Díaz-Guevara PL, Arévalo-Mayorga SA. Epidemiología de Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes y Campylobacter spp., en la cadena productiva avícula. Iatreia. 2016;22(4):397-406.Shinohara NKS, Barros VB, Jimenez SMC, Machado ECL, Dutra RAF, Lima Filho JL. Salmonella spp., importante agente patogênico veiculado em alimentos. Ciênc. sáude coletiva. 2008;13(5):1675-83.Lv S, Si W, Yu S, Li Z, Wang X, Chen L, Zhang W, Liu S. Characteristics of invasion-reduced hilA gene mutant of Salmonella Enteritidis in vitro and in vivo. Res Vet Sci. 2015;101:63-8.Feasey NA, Hadfield J, Keddy KH, Dallman TJ, Jacobs J, Deng X, et al. Distinct Salmonella Enteritidis lineages associated with enterocolitis in high-income settings and invasive disease in low-income settings. Nat Genet. 2014;48(10):1211-17.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
334 Leonard St
Brooklyn, NY 11211
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.