Objectives. The study aims to describe characteristics and clinical outcome of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection that received siltuximab according to a protocol that aimed to early block the activity of IL-6 to avoid the progression of the inflammatory flare. Patients and methods. Retrospective review of the first 31 patients with SARS-CoV-2 treated with siltuximab, in Hospital Clinic of Barcelona or Hospital Universitario Salamanca, from March to April 2020 with positive polymerase-chain reaction (PCR) from a nasopharyngeal swab. Results. The cohort included 31 cases that received siltuximab with a median (IQR) age of 62 (56-71) and 71% were males. The most frequent comorbidity was hypertension (48%). The median dose of siltuximab was 800 mg ranging between 785 and 900 mg. 7 patients received siltuximab as a salvage therapy after one dose of tocilizumab. At the end of the study, a total of 26 (83.9) patients had been discharged alive and the mortality rate was 16.1% but only 1 out of 24 that received siltuximab as a first line option (4%). Conclusions. Siltuximab is a well-tolerated alternative to tocilizumab when administered as a first line option in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia within the first 10 days from symptoms onset and high C-reactive protein.
Objetivou-se, com o presente estudo, investigar a influência do aumento da CCS na expressão das proteínas do soro de leite por meio da utilização da técnica de separação de proteínas de eletroforese microfluídica em microchip (lab-on-a-chip). Foram coletadas 104 amostras de leite de vacas em duas propriedades localizadas no Estado de Goiás. As amostras foram analisadas quanto a contagem de células somáticas e eletroforese microfluídica lab-on-a-chip. Para o teste de correlação entre o perfil de proteínas e a CCS foram utilizadas 50 amostras de leite e estas foram estratificadas em cinco grupos de escores de células somáticas, sendo utilizado um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com cinco tratamentos, avaliado por meio da estatística descritiva e representações gráficas. Verificou-se um aumento significativo no valor do componente proteína em relação aos ECS 1 e 3, 1 e 4 e 1 e 5. Também foi possível observar diferença estatística nos resultados do componente Lactose quando se comparou os ECS 1 e 3 e 3 e 4. Na avaliação descritiva da variável “Concentração” das proteínas do leite foi possível observar diferenças nos valores das concentrações em função do ECS. Foi possível observar diferença estatística para os resultados obtidos para as proteínas α-LA, quando comparados os ECS 1, 2 e 3 e o ECS 5; para a IgG, as amostras de ECS 4 e 5 apresentaram concentrações diferentes das amostras dos ECS 1, 2 e 3; e a proteína LF, apresentou resultados diferentes entre as amostras de ECS 1 e 5. Concluiu-se que proteínas de alta abundância do soro de leite tem sua concentração diminuída em função da severidade da mastite; proteínas de defesa, como Lactoferrina, Lactoperoxidase e IgG e IgM têm aumento em suas concentrações quando se comparam amostras de leite de vacas com mastite subclínica e amostras de leite de vacas sadias; as proteínas Lactoferrina e IgG constituem alvos em potencial para identificar vacas com mastite subclínica a partir de amostras de leite, podendo ser consideradas biomarcadores.
A qualidade microbiológica do leite cru pode ser influenciada diretamente pela sanidade dos animais, procedimentos de higiene realizados durante a ordenha e condições de armazenamento do produto. Diante da necessidade de caracterizar os aspectos microbiológicos relacionados à produção de leite dos rebanhos bovinos das raças Curraleiro Pé-Duro e Pantaneiro, foram avaliadas 333 amostras de leite cru à partir da contagem de microrganismos aeróbios mesófilos, psicrotróficos, Staphylococus coagulase positiva bem como a determinação do número mais provável de coliformes a 30°C e a 45°C. Os resultados obtidos mostraram baixos níveis de contaminação das amostras de leite por mesófilos (7,5x101 - 8,7x103 UFC/ml – Curraleiro Pé-Duro/1,8x102 - 8,6x102 UFC/ml- Pantaneiro), psicrotróficos (2 - 1,4x102 UFC/ml / 2,6x101 - 1,4x102 UFC/ml), Staphylococcus coagulase positiva (4 - 5,2x102 UFC/ml/ 1,1x102 - 7,6 x102 UFC/ml), coliformes a 30°C( 2,0 - 40,2 NMP/ml / 0,6 - 21,9 NMP/ml) e coliformes a 45°C (0,9-14,8 NMP/ml / 0,4- 20,3 NMP/ml). Estes resultados demonstram as potencialidades que os rebanhos bovinos das raças Curraleiro Pé-Duro e Pantaneiro apresentam quanto a qualidade microbiológica do leite, adequação do produto às legislações sanitárias bem como a viabilidade tecnológica desta matriz alimentar na produção de derivados lácteos.
Food directly influences consumers' life quality. Therefore, in order to guarantee food quality and safety, it is necessary to develop better control methods for raw material, processing, transport, marketing and preparation of food. Once contaminated by microorganisms, food can promote the occurrence of diseases, generating an impact on public health. Since the emergence of COVID-19, the role of food in its transmission and dissemination among humans has been questioned. Despite the possible correlation of the disease with an animal source, there is still no precise information on the origin and transmission of the pathogen. Most infections are respiratory and can cause mild conditions up to acute severe respiratory syndrome, the main symptoms being fever, cough and difficulty to breath. There are no evidences that SARS-CoV-2 is carried by food or packaging. Thus, probably, or the virus is transmitted between people by secretions or indirectly by contaminated surfaces. Despite the lack of information on the potential risk of food consumed, avoid the consumption of uninspected, raw or undercooked food and food-related services must prioritize hygiene standards, a risk of avoiding cross-contamination.
Fish farming is an extremely important activity for the Brazilianmarket since it is currently on the rise. In order to obtain high-qualityproducts, some care is necessary from the breeding, involving facilities,adequate feeding, handling, harvesting, slaughtering, and packaging. Inthe fish farming chain, one of the most important moments is theslaughtering, because it is when the product undergoes modifications thatinterfere in its final quality, considering appearance, odor, texture, andpalatability. In the Regulation of Industrial and Sanitary Inspection ofProducts of Animal Origin (RIISPOA), there is little information thatrefers to the slaughter of fish, mainly about the appropriate way to beperformed, and the Normative Instruction No. 3 of the Ministry ofAgriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA) of January 17, 2000,determines the standardization of stunning methods to humane slaughterin various animal species, except for fish. According to this bibliographicalreview, stunning by electrocution, a lethal blow to the head, and the bonemarrow section are the best techniques to be used, but there is still a lackof studies for standardization of methods. For this reason, this workgathers information about fish slaughter, as well as highlights the need forregulation by the relevant bodies.
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