J. M. G. Williams (1996) predicted that exposure to potentially traumatizing events at an early age would give rise to overgeneral recall from autobiographical memory, i.e., recall of general rather than specific events, and that in adolescence this tendency would be uncorrelated with psychopathological symptoms, e.g., depression. This was supported by two studies where war-exposed Bosnian adolescents produced significantly fewer specific autobiographical memories than a Norwegian control group, as did bombing-exposed Serbian adolescents compared to nontrauma-exposed Serbians. No significant correlations were found between autobiographical memory specificity and measures of depression, anxiety, dissociation or impact of trauma, which is consistent with Williams' idea that an overgeneral memory retrieval strategy is at first protective, and a risk factor for depression only upon reaching adulthood.
The main aim of this paper is to review basic conceptual and theoretical questions in the field of coping with stress. Some of the questions are: how can we define coping and distinguish it from similar phenomena, and what are the most prominent categories of coping behavior. The contribution of personality and situation factors in shaping coping behavior, i.e. the issue of coping determinants, is also considered. Finally, question is raised of coping efficacy. In this paper coping is seen from the perspective of transactional theory of stress. According to the transactional theory, stress and its consequences are not connected directly, but indirectly, via coping. Theoretical and practical importance of coping, defined as stress mediator, is also discussed in this article
Sprovedeno istraživanje imalo je za cilj proučavanje procesa u brakovima starih i to onih koji obuhvataju doživljaj ljubavi i bliskosti u relaciji, načine pokazivanja ljubavi oba partnera, te relacije ovih varijabli sa zadovoljstvom brakom. Uzorak istraživanja obuhvatao je 75 parova starih u kom su žene bile starosti od 55-77, a muževi 55-89. Prosečno trajanje braka ispitanika iz uzorka bilo je 39 godina, a većina, oko 91% parova, ima odraslu decu koja žive nezavisno od njih. Ispitanici su zadovoljstvo svojom bračnom relacijom procenjivali na skali od 1-9, dok su informacije o doživljaju ljubavi za oba partnera dobijene primenom Skale ljubavi (Love Scale; Braiker & Kelly, 1979). Načini pokazivanja ljubavi procenjivani su Skalom načina izražavanja ljubavi (Ways of showing love; Huić i sar., 2010) kojom su operacionalizovana 4 ekspresivna (Orijentacija ka partneru i žrtvovanje, Emocionalna otvorenost i podrška, Verbalno izražavanje bliskoti, Fizička bliskost) i 2 instrumentalna (Instrumentalnost u ulogama u kući, Instrumentalnost u drugim ulogama) načina pokazivanja ljubavi. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na umereno visoko bračno zadovoljstvo i doživljaj ljubavi oba partnera. Muškarci pokazuju veće zadovoljstvo brakom. Bračno zadovoljstvo u ovoj životnoj etapi u vezi je sa subjektivnim doživljajem ljubavi. Dominantni načini pokazivanja ljubavi oba partnera obuhvataju Istrumentalnost u ulogama u kući, Emocionalnu otvorenost i podršku, te Orijentaciju ka partneru i spremnost na žrtvovanje. Svi mereni načini pokazivnja ljubavi povezani su sa doživljajem ljubavi i bliskosti u relaciji, ali njihov samostalni doprinos zadovoljstvu brakom nije uočen.
The goal of the research was to establish the relation between the family type (traditional/egalitarian) and certain socio-demographic variables, which represents a part of a broader research project which studied the problems of family at the time of transition. The sample of the research consisted of secondary school students from the territory of Vojvodina. The research included 561 respondents with the average age of 16. On the basis of everyday activities of mother and father, families included in the research were classified in the following way: 77,4% of the traditional and 22,6% of egalitarian families. In this paper the authors discuss education and occupation of parents, place of residence and the estimated financial situation of the family as correlates of the family roles of mother and father, that is the type of family
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