In order to implement evidence-based strategies, there is a need to assess (1) time trend in leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and (2) the relationship between trend of LTPA and trend of potential explanatory factors in Estonia from 2000 to 2018. Data from 25−64-year-old adults (n = 16,903) were drawn from cross-sectional surveys of Health Behavior among Estonian Adult Population. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to calculate annual percentage changes (APCs) and to identify whether there was a significant change in trends of LTPA. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess associations of LTPA with socioeconomic, health-related and health-behavioral factors. Prevalence of LTPA increased from 26.2% to 44.1% among men and from 28.0% to 40.6% among women from 2000 to 2018 (p < 0.001). Average APC for men was 3.4% (95% CI 2.6−4.3) and for women 2.4% (95% CI 1.4−3.4). Adjusted logistic regression model showed that LTPA was statistically significantly associated with higher education and income, economic inactivity, at-least-good self-rated health (SRH) and non-smoking. Interaction of SRH with study year was significant indicating that the association of at-least-good SRH changed over time (p = 0.016). Health promotion activities should be addressed in particular to adults with lower levels of LTPA, paying attention to the factors associated with LTPA.
Background Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) can be an effective tool in the prevention and treatment of the majority of noncommunicable diseases, which are the leading cause of death worldwide. Therefore, the knowledge on the level and trends of LTPA is an important task for the public health sector and enables identification of adults at high risk of hypokinetic diseases. The aim of this study was to describe LTPA trend among adults in Estonia in 2000-2016 and to analyze the association between LTPA and sociodemographic, -economic, health- and work-related factors, and risk behaviours. Methods This study was based on 25 − 64-year-old adults (n = 16,903) of the postal cross-sectional surveys of Health Behaviour among Estonian Adult Population in 2000-2016. For data analysis, LTPA was divided into two categories: physically active (at least 2 − 3 times per week) and physically inactive (less than 2 times a week). Chi-square test was used to analyze changes in prevalence trend of LTPA over the study period. Logistic regression analysis was used to test associations between LTPA and different factors. Results The prevalence of LTPA increased from 26.2% to 42.6% among men (p < 0.001) and from 28.0% to 43.6% among women (p < 0.001) in Estonia in 2000-2016. Odds to be physically active during leisure time was significantly associated with marital status, education, income, economic activity, self-rated health, body mass index and smoking status among men and women. Compared to adults with basic education, men and women with higher education had higher odds (OR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.30 − 2.01; OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.10 − 1.68, respectively) to be physically active. LTPA was associated with age among men and with nationality and alcohol use among women only. Conclusions Based on the study results, health promotion activities should be addressed in particular to the adults with lower LTPA paying attention to the factors associated with LTPA. Key messages LTPA increased significantly among men and women in Estonia in 2000 − 2016 being higher among women than men. Health promotion activities should be addressed in particular to the adults with lower LTPA paying attention to the different factors associated with LTPA.
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