In this note, we will revisit the special atom space introduced in the early 1980s by Geraldo De Souza and Richard O’Neil. In their introductory work and in later additions, the space was mostly studied on the real line. Interesting properties and connections to spaces such as Orlicz, Lipschitz, Lebesgue, and Lorentz spaces made these spaces ripe for exploration in higher dimensions. In this article, we extend this definition to the plane and space and show that almost all the interesting properties such as their Banach structure, Hölder’s-type inequalities, and duality are preserved. In particular, dual spaces of special atom spaces are natural extension of Lipschitz and generalized Lipschitz spaces of functions in higher dimensions. We make the point that this extension could allow for the study of a wide range of problems including a connection that leads to what seems to be a new definition of Haar functions, Haar wavelets, and wavelets on the plane and on the space.
La réforme du droit de la famille au Sénégal et au Maroc s’est révélée extrêmement sensible car elle impliquait pour l’État d’agir sur le domaine du privé, traditionnellement régi par des ordres normatifs (religieux et/ou coutumiers) concurrents. Cette étude comparative analyse les modalités par lesquelles ces États ont redéfini la norme familiale et l’effet de ces réformes sur l’ordre social, et ce afin de déterminer leur capacité à affirmer leur monopole sur la production juridique. Bien que se fondant sur des sources de légitimité différentes, les deux États ont opté pour une même redéfinition de la norme islamique, conforme au projet moderniste qu’ils portaient. L’étude de l’application de la loi révèle cependant le conservatisme de l’institution judiciaire et l’attitude de contournement des justiciables, signes de la résistance de ces sociétés. Si l’État s’impose dans son rôle d’arbitre du débat et de producteur du droit, la norme qu’il promeut ne bouleverse pas l’ordre social existant et invite à relativiser la rupture opérée par ces réformes qui traduisent finalement une volonté de composer avec le pluralisme normatif existant
International audienceRelaciones sociales de sexo y producción del derecho de la familia en Senegal y MarruecosEn Senegal y Marruecos, la reforma del derecho de la familia tenía como objetivo conciliar los imperativos de la religión islámica y el reconocimiento del principio de la igualdad de los sexos. La cuestión de la situación de las mujeres fue el tema central de los debates construidos en torno a la oposición entre igualdad y complementariedad, que se refiere a la tensión entre el reconocimiento de los derechos individuales y la voluntad de preservar la institución familiar, erigida como símbolo de una identidad cultural y religiosa. El propósito de este artículo es examinar cómo la problemática del género fue incluida en el debate y cuál ha sido su influencia en los textos adoptados. A pesar de la adopción de reformas sustanciales, la concepción de la igualdad jurídica permaneció dependiente del marco islámico y no ha incluido necesariamente una reflexión crítica sobre las relaciones de género
This study was undertaken to determine the technical efficiency of family farms and to identify the factors which determine their productivity. All in all, 200 farmers were randomly selected and interviewed using a structured questionnaire to obtain data on agricultural production and input use during 2014. The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique was used to determine the levels of technical efficiency of such enterprises. Besides, a Tobit regression model was applied to identify the factors influencing the technical efficiency of farmers in agricultural production. The average technical efficiency under the variable scale yield is 0.726. This implies that it is possible to increase agricultural production by 27.4% compared to the current level of inputs. The results show that 46.5% of the sample is technically efficient under variable scale yield. The results showed that productivity is significantly influenced by the sex of the farmer, the area of cultivated land and the wage of labor. It is therefore recommended to undertake a policy to improve the formal education of producers, to build capacity of their organizations and facilitate to them access to land and inputs.
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