Faciliter les échanges entre chercheurs sur les projets de recherche participative : proposition d'une grille d'analyse Résumé Les démarches participatives suscitent un intérêt grandissant en tant que pratiques de recherche en agriculture. Dans l'objectif de faciliter les échanges de pratiques entre chercheurs, cet article propose une grille d'analyse qui appréhende le processus de participation de façon globale et dynamique. Elle repose sur six critères : les attendus des participants, le déroulement du projet via la succession des interactions entre acteurs et chercheurs, les acteurs participant, la dynamique des engagements des participants, ainsi que les modalités d'intervention des acteurs, d'une part, et des chercheurs, d'autre part. L'application de cette grille à une recherche participative en zootechnie, mise en perspective avec une autre recherche en aménagement des territoires, conforte sa capacité à offrir une vision globale de la participation des acteurs dans le projet, tout en aidant à identifier les points clefs et les aspects qui peuvent poser problème dans le processus de participation.Mots clés : aménagement du territoire ; approches participatives ; gestion de projet ; méthode ; système d'élevage.Thèmes : méthodes et outils ; productions animales.
Abstract A framework to improve discussions about participatory research projectsInterest about participatory research approaches is increasing in agricultural research. To help researchers exchange about their practices, we propose and describe a grid that makes it possible to analyse participatory research projects. This grid is based on a comprehensive and dynamic approach of participation. It is made up of six criteria: the expected results of participation for both researchers and stakeholders; the course of the project, represented by a succession of interactions between stakeholders and researchers; the characteristics of the stakeholders who take part in the project; stakeholders' and researchers' undertakings in the course of the project; the different ways stakeholders on the one hand and researchers on the other take part in the research project. Testing this grid on two participatory research projects, respectively in livestock farming systems and territorial development domains, and comparing the two grids shows its capacity to bring a comprehensive view of participation. In addition, the grid helped the researchers to identify key points of participation and difficulties encountered during the process.
This chapter describes how we supported the project leaders of TATA-BOX in their task of designing a management system for the project. We did so by fuelling their reflectivity: rather than making suggestions on how to manage the project -in a normative approach -, we analysed the on-going project management and mirrored what had been done after a year. The TATA-BOX project leaders would thus be able to decide how to adjust their management and to carry on -in a reflective approach. We report on this process in this chapter: after giving some theoretical background on the concept of reflectivity and its role in helping the project leaders to manage TATA-BOX, we describe: (1) how we worked with them over 6 months, 1 year after the project began, and (2) the different methods we used to meet the project leaders' expectations. We then discuss the efficiency of these methods, their effects on the management of the project, and some lessons learned for the management of such research projects generally.
The chapter evaluates how the TATA-BOX process supported the collective design of an agroecological transition. In order to carry out this evaluation, we interviewed a panel of 24 participants about their experience of the process and their opinions on it. In this chapter we set out the results in relation to three questions: How did the workshops go? What characterised the outputs? What effects were identified? On these bases, we discuss some possible improvements in the TATA-BOX process and the ways in which this process supported the design of an agroecological transition. We show in particular that the TATA-BOX process successfully initiated a collective design process as it allowed the participants to establish a common ground, define a range of goals to meet, and identify actionable means that could help to reach these goals. The process will nevertheless have to be continued through actual implementation. Various actors will most likely take responsibility for limited actions, rather than for the territorial agricultural transition project in its entirety. They will select the design solutions they need and might revise them. The TATA-BOX participatory process thus appears to be one step in the process of designing the territory's transition.
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