Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the onset and duration of sensory and motor block, as well as the hemodynamic changes and level of sedation, following intrathecal bupivacaine supplemented with either dexmedetomidine or clonidine. Methods: In a prospective, double-blind study, 60 patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostate or bladder tumor under spinal anesthesia were randomly allocated to one of three groups. Group B received 12 mg of hyperbaric bupivacaine, group D received 12 mg of bupivacaine supplemented with 3 mg of dexmedetomidine and group C received 12 mg of bupivacaine supplemented with 30 mg of clonidine. The onset times to reach peak sensory and motor levels, and the sensory and motor regression times, were recorded. Hemodynamic changes and the level of sedation were also recorded. Results: Patients in groups D and C had a significantly shorter onset time of motor block and significantly longer sensory and motor regression times than patients in group B. The mean time of sensory regression to the S1 segment was 303 AE 75 min in group D, 272 AE 38 min in group C and 190 AE 48 min in group B

In children undergoing strabismus surgery, 1 mg/kg propofol at the end of surgery after discontinuation of sevoflurane decreases the incidence of agitation and improves parents' satisfaction without delaying discharge from the postanesthesia care unit.

As part of a multimodal analgesic regimen, subarachnoid morphine provided superior analgesia when compared with ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block after cesarean delivery, yet at the cost of increased side effects.

It is recommended that children at high risk are identified in order to decrease their level of preoperative anxiety, to supplement low-solubility inhalational agents with adjuvant drugs, to prevent postoperative pain and to allow parents to be with their children during recovery from anesthesia.

Low-dose remifentanil during emergence did not prolong wake-up but reduced the incidence and severity of coughing from the endotracheal tube.

In this double-blinded, placebo-controlled study, we examined the efficacy of a single dose of dexamethasone 0.5 mg/kg IV on posttonsillectomy vomiting and oral intake in children 2-12 yr old. Dexamethasone significantly decreased the incidence of postoperative vomiting during the first 24 h, shortened the time to the first oral intake and the duration of IV hydration, and improved the quality of oral intake and the satisfaction scores of the patients.

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There was no difference in the incidence of hypotension in women who received colloid administration before the initiation of spinal anesthesia compared with at the time of initiation of anesthesia. Both modalities are inefficient as single interventions to prevent hypotension.