Objective: To examine the prevalence of selected medical and psychiatric comorbidities that existed prior to, or up to 10 years following, traumatic brain injury (TBI) requiring acute rehabilitation.Design: Retrospective cohort.Setting: Six TBI Model Systems centers.Participants: 404 participants in the TBI Model System National Database who experienced TBI 10 years prior.Interventions: Not applicable.Main Outcome Measure: Self-reported medical and psychiatric comorbidities and the onset time of each endorsed comorbidity.Results: At 10 years post-injury, the most common comorbidities developing post-injury, in order, were: back pain, depression, hypertension, anxiety, fractures, high blood cholesterol, sleep disorders, panic attacks, osteoarthritis, and diabetes. Comparing those 50 years and older to those less than 50 years, diabetes (OR = 3.54; p = 0.0016), high blood cholesterol (OR = 2.04; p = 0.0092), osteoarthritis (OR = 2.02; p = 0.0454), and hypertension (OR = 1.84; p = 0.0175) were significantly more prevalent in the older cohort while panic attacks (OR = 0.33; p = 0.0022) were significantly more prevalent in the younger cohort. No significant differences in prevalence rates between the older and younger cohorts were found for back pain, depression, anxiety, fractures, or sleep disorders.Conclusions: People with moderate-severe TBI experience other medical and mental health comorbidities during the long-term course of recovery and life after injury. The findings can inform further investigation into comorbidities associated with TBI and the role of medical care, surveillance, prevention, lifestyle, and healthy behaviors in potentially modifying their presence and/or prevalence over the life span.

This study provides valuable insight into comorbid conditions that co-occur among adults 50 years and older with TBI and provides a foundation for future studies to explore how specific comorbidities affect TBI recovery.

Impaired self-awareness remains evident more than 5 years after TBI. People with TBI are more likely to gain employment when they are aware of their cognitive deficits and abilities. However, subjective quality of life, for subjects and SOs, was related to their own perception of the TBI outcomes.

Objective: To explore associations of specific physical and neuropsychiatric medical conditions to motor and cognitive functioning and life satisfaction over the first 10 years following traumatic brain injury (TBI).

TBI survivors and caregivers had multiple self-reported unaddressed needs following their discharge from facility-based treatment. They reported spontaneously engaging in various coping and adaptive strategies to address their needs and deficits. However, further education regarding potential post-TBI challenges and strategies for addressing them are needed, including a need for community and mental health resources.

Implementation of immersive VR interventions during neurorehabilitation is effective in improving specific executive functions and information processing speed in brain-injured patients during the subacute period.

To determine the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and comparative effectiveness of traditional sleep apnea screening tools in traumatic brain injury (TBI) neurorehabilitation admissions. Design: Prospective diagnostic comparative effectiveness trial of sleep apnea screening tools relative to the criterion standard, attended level 1 polysomnography including encephalography. Setting: Six TBI Model System Inpatient Rehabilitation Centers. Participants: Between May 2017 and February 2019, 449 of 896 screened were eligible for the trial with 345 consented (77% consented). Additional screening left 263 eligible for and completing polysomnography with final analyses completed on 248. Intervention: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: Area under the curve (AUC) of screening tools relative to total apnea hypopnea index!15 (AHI, moderate to severe apnea) measured at a median of 47 days post-TBI (interquartile range, 29-47). Results: The Berlin high-risk score (receiving operating curve [ROC] AUCZ0.634) was inferior to the Multivariable Apnea Prediction Index (MAPI) (ROC AUCZ0.780) (PZ.0211; CI, 0.018-0.223) and Snoring, Tired, Observed, Blood Pressure, Body Mass Index, Age, Neck Circumference, and Gender (STOPBANG) score (ROC AUCZ0.785) (PZ.001; CI, 0.063-0.230), both of which had comparable AUC (PZ.7245; CI, À0.047 to 0.068). Findings were similar for AHI!30 (severe apnea); however, no differences across scales was observed at

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