A cross-national survey of the relationship between the evolving organisation and structure of consultancy service enterprises and the urban hierarchy in Europe has been undertaken. Primate cities in Europe are still the preeminent foci for business services performing strong national and international control. The relationship between markets for consultancy services and the urban hierarchy is complex, but it is possible to suggest a typology of firms on the basis of client characteristics and location. Caution is necessary about assuming that the provision of consultancy services through networks is organised along hierarchical lines that mirror administrative hierarchies.
Airbus has been multisourcing production since the first rollouts in the late 1970s, spawning clusters of suppliers around its locations in Bristol, Hamburg, Madrid and Toulouse. Moreover, both the A380 project and globalisation of the aircraft market pointed up the need and value of outsourcing. This paper analyses the outlook for supplier clusters in Toulouse and elsewhere based on Airbus thinking and practices before identifying the ingredients of successful outsourcing.
Dans un contexte de globalisation économique, les groupements d'entreprises peuvent être pour les PME des choix stratégiques pertinents. Combinant flexibilité et dynamisme, ces stratégies de coopération apparaissent comme des modes d'organisation permettant la mutualisation des ressources-remédiant aux manques de moyens structurels des PME-mais aussi des changements organisationnels visant à plus d'efficience. Pour autant, leur mise en oeuvre reste complexe, les caractéristiques de la PME « classique » n'étant pas toujours compatibles avec celles du réseau. Cet article étudie le cas d'un groupement de coopératives viticoles sur ces différents aspects, pour mettre en évidence les obstacles à surmonter pour que les entreprises adhérentes puissent profiter dans les meilleures conditions des apports du groupement.
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