Context:Aphloia theiformis (Vahl.) Benn. (Flacourtiaceae) (AT) is traditionally used for the management of diabetes mellitus (DM), but there is no scientific data regarding activity against enzymes linked to this condition.Objective: To evaluate the kinetics of AT on key enzymes inhibition related to DM, and establish the antioxidant profile of AT.Materials and methods: Dried powdered AT leaves were used to prepare crude methanol extract (70% v/v) (CME). Kinetics of CME (5000 to 156.25 μg/mL) on α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and lipase inhibition were studied. CME was partitioned using solvents of increasing polarity and kinetics of enzyme inhibition of each fraction (1000–31.25 μg/mL) was evaluated. Potent fractions were combined to assess any synergistic effect. Total phenol, flavonoid, tannin, anthocyanin contents, and antioxidant capacity of AT was evaluated using standard spectrophotometric methods.Results: CME, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions showed potent inhibitory activities against the enzymes with IC50 ranging from 22.94–939.97 μg/mL. Significant (p < 0.05) reduction in IC50 (15.72 and 157.03 μg/mL against α-amylase and lipase, respectively) was observed when ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions were combined; showing synergism. The extracts showed noncompetitive inhibition against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Ethyl acetate, n-butanol fractions, and CME showed highest antioxidant capacities (0.44–1.41 μg GAE/mg sample), and phenol content (211.74-675.53 μg GAE/mg sample).Conclusion: This study supports the use of AT in the management of DM and provides the rationale for bioactivity guided isolation and characterization of compounds from the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions.

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This study provided an insight of the molecular interaction of mangiferin with the studied enzymes and can be considered as a valuable tool for designing new drugs for better management of these diseases.

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