Latina breast cancer survivors have low physical activity and fitness levels that increase their risk of disability, cardiometabolic comorbidities, and potential cancer recurrence.
In this study, we reviewed epigenetic therapy of lymphomas using histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), a promising new class of antineoplastic agents. Epigenetic therapy, a new therapeutic concept, consists of the use of HDACi and or DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi). We conducted a comprehensive review of the literature for antitumour activity of HDACi and its mechanism of action. HDACi modify the expression of several genes related to cancer development, which can result in antineoplastic activity. To elucidate the benefits of HDACi in lymphoma treatment, we discuss the crucial interplay between BCL6, p53 and STAT3. Activated B-cell (ABC) diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL) is increasingly being recognised as an unfavourable and frequently therapy-refractory lymphoma. We discuss the fundamental causative role of the STAT3 oncogene in ABC type DLCL. STAT3 can be effectively suppressed by several HDACi, a promising treatment for this difficult subtype of DLCL. On the other hand, various HDACi can repress the germinal-centre B Cell (GCB) type DLCL by virtue of their inhibition of the BCL6 oncogene, usually expressed in this particular subtype. We summarise the results of recent clinical trials with HDACi such as romidepsin, panobinostat, MGCD-0103, entinostat, curcumin, JAK2 inhibitor TG101348, and valproic acid that have shown preliminary activity in recurrent and refractory lymphomas. The unique mechanism of action of HDACi makes them very attractive agents to pursue in combination. Several ongoing trials are already exploring HDACi combinations in various types of cancers. Their role in front-line management remains to be determined.
Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk for HPV-related anal cancer. Little is known about the prevalence of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and the anal cancer precursor, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), among young MSM living with HIV (MSMLWH). HPV vaccination is recommended in this group but its safety, immunogenicity and protection against vaccine-type HPV infection and associated LSIL/HSIL have not been studied. Methods 260 MSMLWH 18-26 years-old were screened at 17 U.S. sites for a clinical trial of the quadrivalent (HPV6/11/16/18) HPV (qHPV) vaccine. Those without HSIL were vaccinated at 0, 2, and 6 months. Cytology, high-resolution anoscopy with biopsies of lesions, serology, and HPV testing of the mouth/penis/scrotum/anus/perianus, were performed at screening/month 0, and months 7, 12 and 24. Results Among 260 MSMLWH screened, the most common reason for exclusion was detection of HSIL, in 88/260 (34%). 144 MSMLWH were enrolled. 47% of enrollees were previously exposed to HPV 16. No incident qHPV type-associated anal LSIL/HSIL was detected among men naïve to that type, compared with 11.1, 2.2, 4.5, and 2.8 cases/100 person-years for HPV 6/11/16/18-associated LSIL/HSIL, respectively, among those previously exposed to that type. qHPV was immunogenic and safe with no vaccine-associated serious adverse events. Conclusions 18-26 year-old MSMLWH naïve to qHPV vaccine types were protected against incident qHPV type-associated LSIL/HSIL. Given their high prevalence of HSIL there is an urgent need to vaccinate young MSMLWH prior to exposure to vaccine HPV types, before initiating sexual activity, and to perform catch-up vaccination.
Background: Puerto Ricans are among the largest Hispanic groups in the US. Clinicians/researchers must become skilled in assessing the prevalence of the perceived unmet needs of Puerto Rican cancer patients undergoing treatment to properly respond to their needs, and is an important part of any culturally comprehensive oncological care. Objective: To assess Puerto Rican cancer survivors reports of perceived unmet needs across 5 domains of the cancer experience: "psychological", "health system and information", "physical and daily living", "patient care and support", and "sexuality" and to examine how the perceived unmet needs and disease characteristics are inter-related. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from 103 patients (64.1% female, male 35.9%, mean age 54 years) undergoing cancer treatments. The study participants were >20 years of age with breast (28%), gynecologic (21%), prostate (17%) and gastrointestinal (14%) cancer, mostly on chemotherapy. Overall internal consistency of the Supportive Care Needs Survey was 0.882. Results: Patients perceived needs were highest in the domains of sexuality (67%), physical and daily living (55.3%), and psychological (38.8%). Breast cancer was significantly related to reporting unmet needs in the domains of health services/information (p = .018) and sexuality (p = .009). Prostate cancer showed a significant relationship with unmet needs in the domains of psychological (p = .050) and, the physical/daily living (p < .001). Receiving chemotherapy was related with unmet needs in the domains of sexuality (p = .02), and the physical/daily living (p = .047); and, receiving combination of radiation and hormonal therapy was related to unmet needs in the physical/daily living needs domain (p = .024). Conclusions: The accurate assessment of supportive care needs is important in the management of cancer patients. The unmet supportive care needs of our sample of Puerto Rican cancer patients seem to be affected by cancer site and treatment modality.
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