Biodiversity of tropical Saturniidae, as measured through traditionally described and catalogued species, strongly risks pooling cryptic species under one name. We examined the DNA barcodes, morphology, habitus and ecology of 32 ‘well known’ species of dry forest saturniid moths from Area de Conservacion Guanacaste (ACG) in north-western Costa Rica and found that they contain as many as 49 biological entities that are probably separate species. The most prominent splitting of traditional species – Eacles imperialis, Automeris zugana, Automeris tridens, Othorene verana, Hylesia dalina, Dirphia avia, Syssphinx molina, Syssphinx colla, and Syssphinx quadrilineata – is where one species was believed to breed in dry forest and rain forest, but is found to be two biological entities variously distinguishable by DNA barcodes and morphology, habitus, and/or microecological distribution. This implies that ‘standard’ biological information about each traditional species may be an unconscious mix of interspecific information, and begs renewed DNA barcoding, closer attention to so-called intraspecific variation, and increased museum collection and curation of specimens from more individual and ecologically characterised sites – as well as eventually more species descriptions. Simultaneously, this inclusion of sibling species as individual entities in biodiversity studies, rather than pooled under one traditional name, reduces the degree of ecological and evolutionary generalisation perceived by the observer.
ResumenEste artículo presenta en forma estilizada algunos elementos que podrían contribuir a una agenda de discusión sobre política de innovación en un sentido amplio que se deriva de tres corrientes evolucionistas neo-schumpeterianas que comparten una ontología similar pero se focalizan en ejes diferenciados. Estas corrientes son: sistemas de innovación, modelos de auto-organización y causación acumulativa. Los tres enfoques aportan ideas de gran poder explicativo en torno a la manera en la que se manifiesta la innovación y el modo de intervención orientado a favorecer su dinámica. Partiendo de la identificación de los elementos comunes y complementarios de estos enfoques, el artículo se propone establecer un diálogo entre esas corrientes para contribuir a la discusión de un marco analítico que permita entender la dinámica de la innovación en América Latina.PalabRas clave |
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