RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi definir, através da análise da influência de fatores preditores como clima, relevo, uso do solo e influência antrópica, um mapa de risco de incêndios florestais com a utilização de técnicas de geoprocessamento. De acordo com os resultados, nenhuma das classes preditoras explicou, de forma isolada, a espacialização das ocorrências. Todavia este estudo conseguiu retratar a influência dos fatores sobre as ocorrências de incêndios florestais. Os mapas gerados apresentaram satisfatória eficiência na predição de incêndios na região de estudo.
Pasture implantation fragments and reduces the Amazonian forest area. The objective was to quantify landscape changes in 1985, 2000 and 2015 in northern Mato Grosso, Brazil. The study was carried out in three scenes obtained by the LANDSAT satellite of a microbasin (2742.33 ha) in the municipality of Alta Floresta. Forest, water bodies, pasture and exposed soil were the thematic classes determined to e mapping the land use evolution. The edge, density and shape indexes of the fragments were measured. Normalized vegetation difference (NDVI) values were high in 1985. Land use and occupation over 15 years (1985–2000) reduced forest cover by 69.8%, but it increased by 1.7% over the next 15 years (2000–2015). The number of exposed soil patches increased between the periods, but the total area and number of the patches of the forest fragments decreased. The high values of NDVI in 1985 showed vegetated areas with high density. Reducing forest cover decreases the size of the fragments, increases the isolation and the number of soil patches exposed. The mapping of land use showed a reduction of the Amazon forest in the microbasin in the north of Mato Grosso, in the years 2000 and 2015 compared to 1985.
Studies on the effectiveness of the discourse motivating the creation of protected areas (PAs) and their empirical reality are scarce. The lack of knowledge in this area affects programs and policies on the maintenance and creation of protected areas. Thus, we investigated this matter using the case study of the Nascente Geraizeiras Sustainable Development Reserve (NGSDR) in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The reserve comprises a transition area between Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest, two critical biomes in the world of biodiversity and the only two hotspots in Brazil. Changes in land use were identified over a period of 30 years, from 1987 to 2017, based on a compilation of the arguments associated with the creation of the PA, geographic information system (GIS) techniques, remote sensing (RS) data, and landscape ecology indices. Seven types of land use were identified using Random Forest classifier R software: native forest, silviculture, pasture, bare soil, rocky outcrop, watercourses, and agriculture. The overall mean accuracy of the classification was 90% for all five periods. The results demonstrated that the creation of protected areas is supported by contexts of land use still based on traditional. The case study showed the discourse served as a fundamental strategy in the beginning of the mobilization that culminated in the creation of the NGSDR, in the containment of forestry, in an increase in native forest areas, and in reduced fragmentation, leading to an improvement in the conservation status of the landscape. The present study encourages future researchers to apply the evaluated approach and demonstrates its potential in assessing the formulation of programs and policies on protected areas worldwide, providing valid indicators for the improvement of ecosystem services.
Em diversos países, entre eles Brasil e Espanha, vêm sendo implementadas e aperfeiçoadas legislações e normas cujo foco é a consolidação dos instrumentos planejamento e gerenciamento para uma gestão integrada e sustentável dos recursos hídricos. Os planos de recursos hídricos se inserem nesse contexto como importantes meios para promover uma gestão sob essas premissas. O presente trabalho buscar analisar dois planos de bacia hidrográfica, do rio Doce, no Sudeste do Brasil e do Miño-Sil, no Norte da Espanha, em uma abordagem de estudo de caso. Foram utilizadas a análise documental e pesquisa bibliográfica como ferramentas de coleta de informações. Como resultados se destaca a similaridade entre os dois casos, no que trata do conteúdo dos planos, seus objetivos de melhoria ambiental das bacias que abrangem, a abordagem participativa de elaboração e a articulação de seus processos e conteúdos com as premissas internacionais de planificação hidrológica.
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