Introdução: O envelhecimento humano envolve transformações físicas, psicológicas, sociais e culturais, o que pode favorecer o surgimento de transtornos mentais (Costa, 2009). Os transtornos psiquiátricos têm grande contribuição em relação à redução da capacidade funcional e da qualidade de vida em idosos. Objetivo: Analisar o impacto da pandemia COVID-19 na saúde mental de idosos que vivem em instituições de longa permanência para idosos (ILPIs). Métodos: Revisão integrativa nas bases de dados PUBMED, Scielo e LILACS com os descritores: ILPI, idoso, saúde mental, depressão, transtornos de ansiedade e COVID-19. Resultados: A OMS recomendou estrito isolamento social na área geriátrica. Ao mesmo tempo que é essencial para combater a COVID-19, é sinal de alerta como importante causa da solidão, especialmente nas ILPIs. No Brasil, o Ministério da Saúde emitiu uma nota técnica que sugere suspensão de visitas presenciais a idosos que residem em ILPIs no período da pandemia, com o intuito de reduzir a transmissão da doença. Estudos recentes enfatizam a alta frequência de anormalidades mentais subsindrômicas na população em geral durante a pandemia, afetando até um terço dos indivíduos (Rajkumar, 2020). As manifestações podem ser representadas por aumento na autopercepção de estresse, maior prevalência de sintomas de ansiedade e depressão, queixas de sono e recaída de transtornos psiquiátricos pré-existentes (Pfefferbaum e North, 2020). Conclusão: Diante disso, verifica-se que as ILPIs devem buscar manter seus moradores interagindo de alguma forma com familiares e amigos, para que se reduza a incidência de transtornos psiquiátricos e obtenham melhora na qualidade de vida.
Introduction: The Brazilian National Cancer Institute attests that cervical cancer screening should be performed once a year in women aged 25 to 64 years, then every three years after two consecutive negative exams. However, the first sexual activity in Latinas usually occurs in late adolescence, between 15 to 19 years old. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate cervical cytopathological changes with suspected malignancy and/or high potential for progression to malignancy in Brazilian women of 20 to 24 years old. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive study which evaluated cervical smears with satisfactory sampling obtained in Brazil from 2006 to 2015 using data from the national database (SISCOLO – Brazilian Cervical Cancer Information System). Suspected malignancy or high potential for progression to malignancy was composed of: high-grade indeterminate squamous cell, high-grade indeterminate glandular cell, high-grade cell of indefinite origin, high-grade intraepithelial lesion, intraepithelial lesion with micro-invasion, invasive squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma in situ, invasive adenocarcinoma, and other neoplasms. Results: During this time period, 86 375 132 cervical screening tests with satisfactory sampling were performed in the country, with 862,875 (1%) having abnormal results suggestive of suspected malignancy or high potential for progression to malignancy. Of the tests with abnormal results, 704,886 (82%) were from the age group of 25 to 64 years and 69,035 (8%) were from the age group of 20 to 24 years. From 2006 to 2015, there was a decrease of 53% in the total number of cervical cancer screening tests performed in Brazil. Conclusion: In our study, a significant percentage of the abnormal test results were from Latinas of 20 to 24 years old. The precociousness of sexual initiation and the multiplicity of sexual partners can expose women to human papillomavirus at a very early age, which may explain the findings reported. Citation Format: Tulio L. Correa, Valquiria P. Garcez, Mariana S.T.C. Guelli, Carolina C. Cruz, Julia P. Lara, Matheus M.C. e Silva, Luana O. Rodrigues, Isabel C. Guglielmelli, Betina M Giordani. Cervical screening in Latinas of 20-24 years old: findings from the Brazilian cervical cancer information system [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-251.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can predispose individuals to multiple extrarenal manifestations, such as anemia, bone disease, heart disease and electrolyte disorders. In addition, some patients with CKD can present with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, but the pathogenesis of this condition is still unclear. Symptoms of gastroparesis include early satiety, pyrosis, epigastric pain, nausea and vomiting, which may lead to caloric and electrolyte deficiencies as well as significant weight loss. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the association between CKD and gastroparesis. METHOD A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Papers were selected searching PubMed/Medline, SciELO and LILACS databases using the terms (chronic kidney disease OR CKD) and (gastroparesis OR gastric emptying) in January 2022. The inclusion criterion was limited to observational studies that evaluated the association between CKD and gastroparesis. There were no language or publication date restrictions. RESULTS Among the 111 papers initially identified, 14 were eligible for this review after full texts were read. Dysmotility-like dyspeptic complaints and delayed gastric emptying can be prevalent in CKD patients. Gastric hypomotility appears to be an important factor in the generation of GI symptoms in patients with CKD. Different pathophysiological mechanisms, such as electrolyte imbalance, gastric mucosal edema and direct toxicity of uremic retention molecules can play a role in inducing gastroparesis in patients with CKD. Serum levels of several polypeptide hormones involved in the modulation of GI motility [e.g. gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK) and neurotensin] and the regulation of hunger and satiety (e.g. glucagon, CCK) were significantly altered as a consequence of renal insufficiency and may play a major role in gastrointestinal dysmotility. Patients with CKD showed impaired gastric myoelectrical activity in response to food and high levels of GI hormones. Delayed gastric emptying contributes to malnutrition, which may potentially have a broad impact in the prevention and treatment of CKD and its complications. Gastric emptying tests are valuable in identifying occult gastroparesis in high-risk patients and may guide the selection of prokinetic therapy, which can significantly increase levels of serum albumin and improve general prognosis. Electrogastrography is an interesting noninvasive technique to evaluate gastric motility in patients with severe chronic renal failure. CONCLUSION The studies suggest that patients with CKD are at higher risk of developing gastroparesis and dysmotility-like dyspeptic complaints. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to provide high-quality evidence.
Background and Aims Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in adults, accounting for a high number of hospitalizations worldwide.This study aims to evaluate the epidemiology of hospitalizations for stroke in Brazil during 2019 and 2020. Methods Cross-sectional, descriptive and retrospective study, which evaluated the epidemiology of hospital admissions for stroke in the Brazilian National Health System in the years 2019 and 2020.Hospital admissions were evaluated by sex, race and age group using the national database (DATASUS – Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System). The official classification of race/skin color in Brazil is composed of five categories: White, Brown [Pardo], Black,Yellow and Indigenous. Results During this time period, there was a total of 316,859 hospitalizations for stroke in the Brazilian National Health System, with 163,120 (51.5%) hospital admissions in 2019 and 153,739 (48.5%) in 2020. Also, 166,178 (52.4%) patients were male and 150,681 (47.6%) were female. Regarding race (n=250,446); 106,998 (42.7%) patients considered themselves white, 116,601 (46.6%) brown, 17,085 (6.8%) black and 9,762 (3.9%) others. Regarding age groups; 64,939 (20.5%) were >80 years old, 163,114 (51.5%) were 60-79, 74,605 (23.5%) were 40-59 and 14,201 (4.5%) were <40. Conclusions The majority of patients hospitalized for stroke were 60-79 years old and white or brown. The similar number of hospital admissions in 2019 and 2020 may suggest that hospitalizations for stroke were not significantly impacted by hospital’s oversaturation by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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