Bioactive compounds extracted from plants such as antimicrobials have attracted the attention of consumers and the food industry. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of Annona muricata leaf oleoresin obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction. The oleoresin was obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction and the chemical identification by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by broth microdilution method against 14 foodborne fungi and bacteria. The oleoresin major chemical class was phytosterols (22.7%) and the major compounds were γ-sitosterol (15.7%), α-tocopherol (13.7%), phytol (13.1%), and hexadecanoic acid (11.5%). Minimum inhibitory concentration against bacteria ranged from 0.0025 to 0.010 mg mL −1 . The oleoresin had high bactericidal activity against all bacteria, mainly Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with 0.005 mg mL −1 minimum bactericidal concentration. However, it had low fungicidal activity. The leaf oleoresin of A. muricata has promising applications in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
This experiment aimed to investigate the chemical composition and the acaricidal and larvicidal activities of essential oil (EO) and fractions from rose pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius (Raddi) leaves against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. The EO was obtained from fresh leaves of adult rose pepper specimens by hydrodistillation (2h), then fractioned by column chromatography and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The acaricidal activity was determined by Adult Immersion Test (AIT) and Larval Packet Test (LPT). The concentrations of EO for AIT were from 500.00 to 0.19 mg/mL, and for LPT were from 12.50 to 0.00018 mg/mL. The mortality percentage (%) of female and larvae ticks were obtained by calculating the average ± standard error utilizing the Microsoft Excel® program. The data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and compared utilizing Sisvar 5.6 program by Scott-Knott's test (p<0.05). The values of lethal concentration (LC 50 and LC 99.9) and their respective confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by Probit analysis. Bioassays showed that EO from leaves killed 40.00% of the females and inhibited 97.06% of egg hatchability at the dose of 500.00 mg/mL, and high activity on larvae, presenting LC 50 0.0026 ± 0.0004 mg/mL and LC 99.9 of 8.58 ± 0.03 mg/mL. The probable action mechanism of EO and fractions was established by the bioautographic method, measuring the inhibition potential on the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, indicating an inhibition until the concentration of 0.0003 mg/mL. These results allow new perspectives to propose new biomolecules as a way to minimize tick resistance against conventional acaricides.
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