AbstrakPeningkatan laju pertumbuhan penduduk dan industri mendorong peningkatan kebutuhan akan energi listrik. Salah satu penyedia kebutuhan energi listrik di wilayah Jawa, Madura, Bali (Jamali) adalah Waduk Saguling. Rata-rata produksi listrik Waduk Saguling dari tahun 1986-2014 adalah 2.334.318,138 MWh/tahun. Asupan air bagi Waduk Saguling adalah Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Citarum Hulu dengan luas 2.340,88 km 2 . Waduk Saguling juga merupakan salah satu waduk yang membentuk waduk series di kaskade Citarum yang terdiri dari Waduk Saguling, Cirata, dan Jatiluhur. Pemanfaatan Waduk Jatiluhur sebagai waduk multiguna untuk sumber air baku, irigasi, dan PLTA pun masih belum optimal, hal ini ditandai dengan terjadinya kekurangan air di hilir pada musim kering dan air melimpas pada musim hujan. Tujuan optimasi Waduk Saguling pada penelitian ini adalah memaksimalkan penggunaan air sehingga dapat memenuhi kebutuhan bagi pembangkit listrik dan memenuhi kebutuhan air di downstream dengan mempertimbangkan prakiraan debit masa depan. Pendekatan prakiraan debit yang dilakukan dalam pengelolaan waduk adalah dengan metode korelasi spasial (hujan dan debit) atau metode kontinu serta dengan metode diskrit Markov yang menggunakan prinsip model stokastik Markov 3 kelas. Data debit inflow Waduk Saguling yang digunakan adalah data debit dari tahun 1986-2013. Pada metode korelasi spasial diperoleh kombinasi tipe PPPQt-1 memiliki nilai korelasi sebesar 0,86 sedangkan untuk metode diskrit Markov diperoleh nilai korelasi sebesar 0,804.
This study examined the water quality of Saguling Reservoir as potential raw water for Bandung metropolitan area. Determination of water quality in this study consisted of trophic status determination based on total phosphorus, total nitrogen (ammonia and nitrate), and water clarity. Data were obtained 4 times a year for 16 years (1999-2013). We determined the overall water quality status by comparing data with criteria specified in Ministerial Regulation (Permen) of the Environment Number 28 of 2009 on the Water Pollution Load Capacity of Lakes or Reservoirs. Data from 11 stations were analyzed, which indicated a hypertrophic state with very high pollution. Nanjung Post (upstream of the reservoir) had the highest levels of total P, total N, and chlorophyll a compared with the Muara Ciminyak Post and Muara Intake Post (the middle and downstream regions of the reservoir). Seasonal changes had no effect on the trophic status, regardless of dry, normal, or wet conditions.
This study aims to identify how the dominant parameter selection may show pollutants source in every segment of the reservoir, be it reservoir input segment, reservoir middle segment or body reservoir segment, and reservoir outlet segment that turns out to be diverse. Water Quality Index (WQI) value in this study was calculated for each parameter chosen based on the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). In addition, this study showed that pollution in the rainy season was lower that the pollution in the dry season, this was indicated by the WQI values obtained. This study also showed that the reservoir input pollution source was dominated by domestic activities and industry, while the middle segment of the reservoir usually polluted by floating nets activity, and in the reservoir outlet, pollutant accumulation occurred as indicated by the presence of H2S as the main pollutant.
Saguling Reservoir has a potential to be used as a raw water supply for Bandung Metropolitan Area (BMA), with the discharge of 1.622 dm·s−1. However, further studies are needed to ensure that the water quality is in accordance with the government regulations. This study shows that the reservoir’s P concentration was 315.0 mg·m−3 on average in 1999–2013. This value only meets the class III of government standards of water quality for the cultivation of freshwater fish, livestock, and to irrigate landscaping, but does not belong to the class I standard of 200 mg·m−3 for drinking water. The total-P concentration in wet, normal, and dry years was 796.3, 643.8, and 674.8 mg·m−3, respectively. The pollution load was highest in wet years due to the high levels of sediment. The pollution load of the reservoir did not exceed the class III classification of 29 405.01 kg·year−1. The pollution load in wet, normal, and dry years was 38 790.1, 25 991.9, and 23 929.0 kg·year−1, respectively. The phosphorus pollution is caused by the use of floating net cages in the reservoir, which makes it difficult to meet the standards. In wet years, the pollution load was higher than in normal and dry years. The P load could be higher in the wet season due to dilution and could probably decrease the pollutant concentration in the reservoir.
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