Phosphorus load concentration in tropical climates reservoir for each water quantity class

Abstract

Saguling Reservoir has a potential to be used as a raw water supply for Bandung Metropolitan Area (BMA), with the discharge of 1.622 dm·s−1. However, further studies are needed to ensure that the water quality is in accordance with the government regulations. This study shows that the reservoir’s P concentration was 315.0 mg·m−3 on average in 1999–2013. This value only meets the class III of government standards of water quality for the cultivation of freshwater fish, livestock, and to irrigate landscaping, but does not belong to the class I standard of 200 mg·m−3 for drinking water. The total-P concentration in wet, normal, and dry years was 796.3, 643.8, and 674.8 mg·m−3, respectively. The pollution load was highest in wet years due to the high levels of sediment. The pollution load of the reservoir did not exceed the class III classification of 29 405.01 kg·year−1. The pollution load in wet, normal, and dry years was 38 790.1, 25 991.9, and 23 929.0 kg·year−1, respectively. The phosphorus pollution is caused by the use of floating net cages in the reservoir, which makes it difficult to meet the standards. In wet years, the pollution load was higher than in normal and dry years. The P load could be higher in the wet season due to dilution and could probably decrease the pollutant concentration in the reservoir.

Characteristics and Changes in Water Quality Based on Climate and Hydrology Effects in the Cirata Reservoir

“…The high PO 4 concentration during the dry season in the Cirata Reservoir was influenced by floating cage aquaculture. Most of the fisher continuously fed the fish until they were full [26]. The uneaten pellets accumulate as organic materials, which increase the PO 4 concentrations in the Cirata Reservoir [27].…”

“…Previously, the number of floating cage aquacultures in 1988 in the Cirata Reservoir was only 74 cages [25], but recently, it has increased to 85,393 cages [8]. The promising economic profits encourage fishers to feed their fish excessively to accelerate growth [26]. However, the uneaten pellets precipitate to the bottom of the reservoir [7], increasing PO 4 and eutrophication in the Cirata Reservoir [27].…”

Journal of Water and Land Development

“…Total phosphorus present in the aquatic environment comprises dissolved inorganic phosphorus, organic phosphorus compounds, and dissolved organic phosphorus in the form of suspended particles [SZE 1998]. Soluble phosphate is present in small amounts in natural waters, even at lower concentrations than nitrogen [MARSELINA, BURHANUDIN 2018], except in some waters contaminated by certain organic materials. While algae can utilise nitrogen in different ways, phosphorus must be assimilated almost exclusively in the form of phosphates, and it is the concentration of phosphorus that determines the algal growth rate.…”

Evaluación de la calidad del agua del embalse Mbói Caé

“…Un estudio en el reservorio Saguling de Indonesia muestra que la concentración de fósforo del reservorio fue de 315.0 mg • m⁻³ en promedio en 1999-2013 [10].…”