Productivity of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) crops varies at each cutting stage, reaching critical rates close to the fifth cut (fourth ratoon). Knowledge of proteins involved in the regrowth of sugarcane within the cutting process is important for the development of cultivars with greater longevity. The present study presents new information that the proteome of axillary buds is changed in successive cuts in sugarcane culture. Proteins were identified by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionisation–quadrupole–time-of-flight) mass spectrometry and the Mascot tool. A reduction in the number of proteins was evident in the axillary buds of the fifth cut, as well as a reduction in the number of proteins exclusively detected in the axillary buds with the first cut, an indicator of reduction in the expression of genes that may be essential for the stability of culture development. The reduction in agricultural productivity, sprouting and tillering at advanced stages of the sugarcane crop is accompanied by alterations in axillary-bud gene expression, where <50% of the proteins (47.65%) were detected in both the first (plant cane) and in the fifth (fourth ratoon) cutting stage, whereas >50% (52.35%) were expressed in either the axillary buds of the plant cane or the axillary buds of the fourth ratoon. All MS data are available via jPOST and ProteomeXchange with identifiers JPST000331 and PXD007957, respectively.
The germination potential of the axillary buds is crucial for the installation of new sugarcane crop and is highly relevant for the maintenance of the crop during the regrowth cycles. In this way, 1-DE-UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF system of mass spectrometry in a shotgun approach evaluated total and differential proteome of germinating and dormant axillary buds of cultivar RB867515 in second ratoon. The current paper investigates whether differently expressed proteins can be detected in germinating axillary buds or not. The proteome of germinative and dormant axillary buds were obtained using TCA/acetone in triplicates with subsequent proteins and polypeptides pre-separation by SDS-PAGE and UPLC. Mass spectra were obtained via MS/MS and were confronted with Viridiplante mass spectra from NCBIprot, SwissProt and UniProtKB databases, using Mascot tool from Matrix Science. A total of 159 proteins were identified. In total, 46 proteins were exclusively detected in the germinating buds, while 41 proteins were exclusively reported in the dormant buds and 72 proteins were common in germinating and dormant buds. Different proteins, involved with biotic and abiotic stress, were detected at equivalent proportions in germinating (29.5%) and dormant (31.7%) buds, while contrasting proportions of proteins involved with energy metabolism were detected in germinating (22.7%) and dormant (12%) buds. Budding potential in the third cut seems to be determined by specific proteins related to energy metabolism and steps of the biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolites for shoot growth and development. Seven enzymes (Aconitase, Succinate dehydrogenase, Pyruvate dehydrogenase, Fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransgerase, Chacone synthase, Chalcone isomerase, and Monodehydroascorbate), one protein subunits (RuBisCo large subunit-binding protein) and one protein of Argonaute protein family (Tudor-Sn) supposedly involved with germinating potential of axillary buds and two enzymes (Hexokinase and Aldehyde dehydrogenase) supposedly involved with non-budding were highlighted.
One of the main objectives of sugarcane plantations is to increase their longevity without decreasing agricultural productivity. In the present study, we analyzed the proteome of the axillary buds of ‘RB966928’ to investigate possible changes in the number of proteins at different cutting stages. Using tryptic digestion followed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry, 122 proteins were identified from the proteome of the axillary buds of ‘RB966928’. Of the 122, respectively 97 and 95 proteins were detected at the first and fifth cutting stages, of which 27 and 25 proteins were unique to the respective stage. Proteins that prevent the misfolding of polypeptides generated under stress were exclusively detected at the first cutting stage. Meanwhile, proteins associated with stress responses and disease resistance were exclusively detected at the fifth cutting stage. The present proteomic analysis in the regrowth cycles and axillary bud development of ‘RB966928’ significantly advanced our understanding of the biological processes linked to the reduction of agricultural productivity of sugarcane with the advancement of cutting age. Absence of proteins to tolerate adverse growth conditions at the fifth cutting stage may be related to reduced agricultural productivity, in addition to environmental stress, soil compaction, nutrient availability, cultural practices, and pests or pathogen attacks at different phenological stages of crops.
The decrease in agricultural productivity in successive cutting of sugarcane plants is associated with several extrinsic and intrinsic factors. However, no studies have focused on the physiological potential of sett roots in successive cuts in sugarcane culture. There have been no proteomic studies on sugarcane sett roots at different stages of cutting. In this study, the UPLC-ESI-TOF-MS system and bioinformatics tools were used to identify proteins of sett roots in the first and fifth cuts of sugarcane cultivar RB966928 in the sprouting stage. Differences in the proteome of sett roots of RB966928 in the first and fifth cuts detected in this study supports the hypothesis that the proteome of sett roots may change after successive cuts in sugarcane culture. A reduction in the number of proteins was observed in the roots of the fifth cut, whereas 34% of proteins, identified exclusively in the first cut, were absent in the fifth cut. Proteome analysis of sett roots in the first and fifth cuts showed that the changes after successive cuts were quantitative (number of proteins) and mainly qualitative. In this study, the detailed list of proteins identified in the first cut but absent in the fifth cut is relevant. The findings of this study may aid further research that employ biotic or abiotic elicitors to induce gene expression of essential proteins absent in sett roots of the fifth cut, and thus increasing the agricultural productivity and longevity of cane fields
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