Objective: To know the opinion of caregivers of dependent elderly on how health professionals can work to help him/her to be a good caregiver. Material and Methods: This is a qualitative, exploratorydescriptive study with sample consisting of family caregivers of dependent elderly. Data collection was based on the following question: What do you think health professionals could do to help you to be a good caregiver of dependent elderly? Results: Thirteen caregivers were interviewed. The analysis of transcribed speech identified the following three themes: (1) Unawareness of some caregivers about the assistance given by health professionals to improve their activity, (2) Guidelines and demonstrations could help caregivers and dependent elderly, (3) Psychological help and support networks: essential for the elderly and for the caregiver. Conclusion: Most respondents did not receive the information and directions required to provide the appropriate care for the elderly, emphasizing the importance of the role of health professionals to guide and promote specific skills training, provide specialized psychological assistance and stimulate the creation of support groups to help both the caregiver and the dependent elderly.Objetivo: Conhecer a opinião de cuidadores de idosos dependentes sobre a atuação do profissional de saúde a fim de auxiliá-los no desempenho de suas funções. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo descritivo-exploratório com amostra composta por cuidadores de familiares de idosos dependentes. A coleta de dados foi baseada na pergunta orientadora: Na sua opinião, como os profissionais da saúde poderiam ajudar você a ser um bom cuidador(a) de idosos dependentes? Resultados: Foram entrevistados 13 cuidadores. Por meio da análise das falas transcritas foi possível obter três categorias temáticas: (1) desconhecimento de alguns cuidadores sobre como os profissionais da saúde podem auxiliá-lo em sua atividade; (2) orientações e demonstrações poderiam auxiliar o cuidador e o idoso dependente; (3) ajuda psicológica e redes de apoio: fundamental para o idoso e também para o cuidador. Conclusão: A maioria dos entrevistados não recebeu informações e orientações necessárias para realizar os cuidados específicos com o idoso de maneira adequada, evidenciando a importância da atuação dos profissionais da saúde no sentido de repassar orientações e promover treinamento de habilidades específicas, fornecer ajuda psicológica especializada e estimular a formação de grupos de apoio para auxiliar o cuidador e o idoso dependente. ResumoPalavras-chave: Cuidadores familiares. Profissionais da saúde. Idoso dependente.

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Background. This study aimed investigating the effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) on morphological parameters and the antioxidant system of the diaphragm muscle of Wistar rats with monosodium glutamate (MSG) obesity induction. Methods. 28 animals were separated into two groups: obesity (administration of MSG) and control group. At 80 days of age, the groups were subdivided and training with WBV was started for eight weeks, constituting the control (GC), WBV control (GCP), obese (GO) and obese WBV (GOP) groups. At the end of the experimental period, when the animals were 136 days old, euthanasia and removal of the diaphragm muscle occurred. The right muscle anthem was prepared for histological analysis, quantification of total proteins and oxidative stress. Results. Obese animals exhibited a reduction in the cross-section area of fiber types IIA, IIB, and total proteins; as for the enzymes of oxidative stress, there was a reduction in catalase activity and an increase in glutathione S-transferase. On the other hand, in the animals trained, there was a reduction in the amount of fiber type IIB, inferring possible deleterious effects on the contractile capacity of strength and an increase in the activity of the glutathione S-transferase enzyme, which was also verified in the group of association of obesity and training, besides a reduction in the activity of glutathione reductase. Conclusions. Obesity caused a reduction in the total proteins of the diaphragm muscle, as well as a decrease in the area of type IIA and IIB fibers and enzymes in the antioxidant defense system. The WBV has not been able to reverse the effects caused by obesity.

The model of obesity induced by monosodium glutamate cytotoxicity on the hypothalamic nuclei is widely used in the literature. However, MSG promotes persistent muscle changes and there is a significant lack of studies that seek to elucidate the mechanisms by which damage refractory to reversal is established. This study aimed to investigate the early and chronic effects of MSG in-duction of obesity upon systemic and muscular parameters of Wistar rats. Animals were exposed to MSG subcutaneously (4 mg.g-1 b.w.) or saline (1.25 mg.g-1 b.w.) daily from PND01 to PND05 (n = 24). After, in PND15, 12 animals were euthanized to determine the plasma and inflammatory profile and to assess muscle damage. In PND142, the remaining animals were euthanized, and samples for histological and biochemical analyses were obtained. Our results suggest that early exposure to MSG reduced growth, and increased adiposity, induction hyperinsulinemia, and a pro-inflammatory scenario. In adulthood were found, peripheral insulin resistance, reduced muscle mass, oxidative capacity, neuromuscular junctions, increased fibrosis, and oxidative distress. Thus, we can conclude that the condition found in adult life and the difficulty in restoring the muscle profile are related to the metabolic damages established early.

The model of obesity induced by monosodium glutamate cytotoxicity on the hypothalamic nuclei is widely used in the literature. However, MSG promotes persistent muscle changes and there is a significant lack of studies that seek to elucidate the mechanisms by which damage refractory to reversal is established. This study aimed to investigate the early and chronic effects of MSG induction of obesity upon systemic and muscular parameters of Wistar rats. The animals were exposed to MSG subcutaneously (4 mg·g−1 b.w.) or saline (1.25 mg·g−1 b.w.) daily from PND01 to PND05 (n = 24). Afterwards, in PND15, 12 animals were euthanized to determine the plasma and inflammatory profile and to assess muscle damage. In PND142, the remaining animals were euthanized, and samples for histological and biochemical analyses were obtained. Our results suggest that early exposure to MSG reduced growth, increased adiposity, and inducted hyperinsulinemia and a pro-inflammatory scenario. In adulthood, the following were observed: peripheral insulin resistance, increased fibrosis, oxidative distress, and a reduction in muscle mass, oxidative capacity, and neuromuscular junctions, increased fibrosis, and oxidative distress. Thus, we can conclude that the condition found in adult life and the difficulty restoring in the muscle profile is related to the metabolic damage established early on.

Introdução: Na velhice acontecem mudanças funcionais, próprias do processo do envelhecimento, que acarretam maior predisposição a condições crônicas de saúde e sequelas incapacitantes. Nesse contexto é marcante a figura do cuidador familiar que presta assistência ao idoso já que o mesmo se encontra fragilizado. Objetivo: conhecer se cuidadores familiares de idosos dependentes sentiram-se ou não preparados no início da sua atividade de cuidadores e quais foram os motivos que os levaram ter essa percepção. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo qualitativo descritivo-exploratório. A amostra foi composta por cuidadores familiares de idosos dependentes. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada baseada em perguntas norteadoras: “Você se sentiu preparado(a) para ser um cuidador de um idoso(a) dependente?” “Se sim, por quê?”, “Se não, por quê?”. Resultados: Dos 13 cuidadores entrevistados, cinco (38,46%) se sentiram preparados e oito (61,54%) não. Os que não se sentiram preparados relataram que a circunstância era inesperada e foram forçados a prestar os cuidados de forma imediata mesmo sem habilidades básicas para isso. Os que estavam preparados já tiveram experiência prévia com essa atividade, pois já tinham cuidado de outros doentes anteriormente. Conclusão: A maioria dos cuidadores não se encontrava preparado para exercer a tarefa de cuidar de um idoso dependente. É importante abordar essa população com práticas específicas de educação em saúde, fornecer informações, orientações e treino de habilidades básicas para que eles tenham condições de realizarem os cuidados de uma forma mais completa e tranquila.