Recently, milk consumption has been declining and there is a high demand for non-dairy beverages. However, market offers are mainly cereal and nut-based beverages, which are essentially poor in protein (typically, less than 1.5% against the 3.5% in milk) and are not true milk replacers in that sense. In this work, new beverages from different pulses (i.e., pea, chickpea and lupin) were developed using technologies that enable the incorporation of a high level of seed components, with low or no discharge of by-products. Different processing steps were sequentially tested and discussed for the optimization of the sensorial features and stability of the beverage, considering the current commercial non-dairy beverages trends. The lupin beverage protein contents ranged from 1.8% to 2.4% (w/v) and the chickpea beverage varied between 1.0% and 1.5% (w/v). The “milk” yield obtained for the optimized procedure B was 1221 g/100 g of dry seed and 1247 g/100 g of dry seed, for chickpea beverage and lupin beverage, respectively. Sensory results show that chickpea beverage with cooking water has the best taste. All pulses-based beverages are typical non-Newtonian fluids, similarly to current non-dairy alternative beverages. In this respect, the sprouted chickpea beverage, without the cooking water, presents the most pronounced shear-thinning behavior of all formulations.

The protective effect of gallic acid and its esters, methyl, propyl, and lauryl gallate, against 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane)hydrochloride (AAPH)-induced hemolysis and depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH) in erythrocytes was studied. The inhibition of hemolysis was dose-dependent, and the esters were significantly more effective than gallic acid. Gallic acid and its esters were compared with regard to their reactivity to free radicals, using the DPPH and AAPH/pyranine free-cell assays, and no significant difference was obtained. Gallic acid and its esters not only failed to inhibit the depletion of intracellular GSH in erythrocytes induced by AAPH but exacerbated it. Similarly, the oxidation of GSH by AAPH or horseradish peroxidase/H(2)O(2) in cell-free systems was exacerbated by gallic acid or gallates. This property could be involved in the recent findings on pro-apoptotic and pro-oxidant activities of gallates in tumor cells. We provide evidence that lipophilicity and not only radical scavenger potency is an important factor regarding the efficiency of antihemolytic substances.

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Microfluidics and 3D printing will allow a faster research and development in pharmaceutical and medical areas, supporting new solutions for active pharmaceutical production and clinical tests without the necessity of in vivo animal models. The present review aims to show the role of these two technologies in the resolution of current pharmaceutical issues (e.g., efficient continuous production of active pharmaceutical ingredients, high costs for medicine development and lack of preclinical systems capable to predict accurate human responses to new medicine drugs) and in the development of biomedical and tissue engineering. The present paper was divided into the following sections: microfluidics and active pharmaceutical ingredients synthesis, organs-on-a-chip and multiorgans microdevices, 3D printing/bioprinting, and hydrogels and bioinks. Finally, conclusions and future perspectives are exposed.

Canine lymphoma represents a heterogeneous group of lymphoid neoplasms, with multicentric nodal lymphoma being the most common presentation. Musculoskeletal involvement is uncommon, and primary muscular lymphoma is a very rare presentation. Only a few cases have been described in dogs, which were of variable classification and immunophenotype. Here, we report the case of a 5-year-old female neutered Beagle that presented with an intramuscular mass on the right shoulder and associated lameness and lethargy. One month after initial presentation, multiple cutaneous nodules appeared on the head, and staging with advanced imaging revealed additional masses affecting other muscles. Cytology, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and PCR for antigen receptor rearrangements of one of the muscle masses and skin lesions supported a diagnosis of peripheral T-cell lymphoma with large granular lymphocytes at both sites. The dog was euthanized after diagnosis due to the poor prognosis. This is the first report of primary muscular peripheral T-cell lymphoma with large granular lymphocytes and cutaneous involvement in the dog.Despite being a rare presentation, lymphoma must be considered a differential in dogs presenting with a discrete, intramuscular, soft tissue mass.

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